[Lex Computer & Tech Group/LCTG] Meeting Reminder: John Snow and the Cholera Epidemic of 1854, presented by Jerry Slate. On Wednesday, April 6, 2022, at 10AM ET. Lexington Computer and Technology Group Online Meeting via Zoom
Jerome Slate
SlateMD at comcast.net
Fri Apr 8 05:45:39 PDT 2022
Dear Group,
The question was raised as to why the cholera epidemics in Europe ended
and why it has persisted in Haiti. A brackish water source is the
environmental reservoir. It comes out of this from time to time and
colonizes fresh water where it is not well-suited to survive. A
subsequent epidemic can be an entirely new event.
A longer discussion is below:
Jerry
/V. cholerae/ is a natural inhabitant of brackish riverine (situated on
a river or riverbank), estuarine, and coastal waters, and only a subset
of strains are known to be pathogenic to humans. Recent studies have
begun to uncover a very complex network of relationships between /V.
cholerae/ and other sea dwellers, and the mechanisms associated with the
occurrence of seasonal epidemics in regions where cholera is endemic are
beginning to be elucidated.
There are numerous factors that affect /V. Cholerae /persistence,
survival, and pathogenic potential. Several physicochemical conditions
affect /V. cholerae/ populations in the natural environment, such as
water temperature, salinity, oxygen tension, sunlight, rainfall, pH, and
the availability of trace elements and chemical nutrients. Although
there are strong correlations between the changes in the physicochemical
conditions in the environment of /V. cholerae/, the mechanisms by which
some of them affect the population dynamics of /V. cholerae/ remain unknown.
The known environmental hosts of /V. cholerae/ include algae, shellfish,
chironomid egg masses, fish, waterfowl, amebae, and most ubiquitously,
copepods (small crustaceans).
*Human Epidemics*
Due to their low initial concentrations of choleragenic /V. cholerae/,
human carriers can show no symptoms of the disease. In the early
epidemic period, a similar process happens; this time the patients will
show symptoms of cholera and will shed strongly adapted and highly
virulent epidemic clones.
It is thought that when the number of predators of /V.
cholerae/ significantly outnumbers the total of toxigenic clones,
epidemics come to a collapse. For example, an increase in the number of
bacteriophages that thrive on /V. cholerae/ in both water and stools is
directly correlated with the termination of cholera epidemics.
Nonetheless, other environmental factors likely also play a role in the
self-limiting nature of cholera epidemics.In its natural environment /V.
cholerae/ encounters two main predators: bacteriophages and protozoa. It
has also been found that some antagonistic bacteria inhibit the growth
of /V. cholerae/.
On 4/5/2022 10:47 AM, Jonathan Goode wrote:
> (NOTE: Repeated Reminder with contents unchanged.)
>
> Our Zoom Meeting ID is 972 6146 0830. Detailed instructions for
> joining us are at the end of this message.
>
> *April 6, 2022***
>
>
>
> *John Snow and the Cholera Epidemic of 1854*, presented by Jerry Slate
>
> /John Snow (1813 – 1858) was a British physician who became interested
> in the transmission of cholera. At the time, airborne transmission of
> disease, miasma, was the accepted model for cholera. When Snow showed
> his data on the cholera epidemic of 1854 (in a manner not previously
> seen), there was much resistance in the scientific community to a
> paradigm shift./**
>
> */Below are our plans for Upcoming Meetings. For more schedule
> information, please refer to
> https://wiki.toku.us/doku.php?id=lctg_speaker_schedule We will
> continue to have an online presentation (almost) every Wednesday until
> it is prudent for us to resume meeting in person./*
>
> *April 13, 2022*
>
>
>
> Craig Fields on *DARPA* (not to be recorded at speaker's request) Dr.
> Craig I Fields will be coming to the Computer Group primarily to
> discuss his role as Director of DARPA.
>
> He received his BS degree from the Massachusetts Institute of
> Technology and his Ph.D. from the Rockefeller University. He served on
> the faculty of Harvard University; he was the Director of the Defense
> Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); he was the Chairman and
> Chief Executive Officer of the Microelectronics and Computer
> Technology Corporation (MCC). He is a Member of the Defense Science
> Board, joining the Board in 1993 and Chairman of the Board for 14
> years thereafter.
>
> *April 20, 2022*
>
>
>
> *Potpourri*
> *Space Update* (conclusion) George Gamota
>
> */SPECIAL NOTE - /*/Links to many of our previous sessions are
> available online at http://lctg.toku.us/, thanks to the diligence of
> Steve Isenberg. This includes our sessions/
>
> * /Downdraft Radar Technology, presented by Dr. Jim Evans.
> https://youtu.be/bZpFPjNnNBA/
> * /Quantum Mechanics, part 1: https://youtu.be/m1vdpQuUzaw/
> * /Virus Package Update https://youtu.be/hw9JEz9GIJE /
> * /Lagrangian Points, especially L2. https://youtu.be/LNOF_mexw-o /
>
> /Virus Follow-up: Browser Guards./ /https://youtu.be/Uy9N8rb0zUk /
>
> * /Space Update: https://youtu.be/NWw-xQM5PxA /
> * /Managing File Size, special presentation from New Zealand by our
> group’s former leader, Allan Sherman https://youtu.be/o2V4GAm_YHo
> <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2V4GAm_YHo>/
>
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> We, the Lexington Computer and Technology Group, will meet Wednesday
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> Conferencing Application, facilitated by Steve Isenberg. //
>
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> To join our meeting, sometime after 9:45 AM on Wednesday, choose one
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