<div dir="ltr">According to <a href="https://www.termidorhome.com/Termites/TermiteFacts">https://www.termidorhome.com/Termites/TermiteFacts</a> "<span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-size:12.6px">It is estimated that for every human on Earth there may be 1,000 pounds of termites. That’s about the same weight as a full-grown cow!"</span><div><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-size:12.6px">-- Larry</span></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Sep 21, 2021 at 7:11 AM Robert Primak <<a href="mailto:bobprimak@yahoo.com">bobprimak@yahoo.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><div style="font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px"><div></div>
<div dir="ltr">Cows do emit a lot of methane, which contributes to climate change. Ammonia is another contributor, so this does have implications for climate action. Unfortunately, cows cannot be trained not to belch out methane. Termites also contribute a lot of methane.</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">-- Bob Primak</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div><br></div>
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On Monday, September 20, 2021, 11:31:25 PM EDT, David Lees <<a href="mailto:joeoptics@gmail.com" target="_blank">joeoptics@gmail.com</a>> wrote:
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<div><div id="gmail-m_-5491835680583908954yiv9963759984"><div><div>Probably on the list.<br clear="none"><br clear="none"><div>David Lees <br clear="none">Galaxy Tab S5e</div></div><br clear="none"><div><div dir="ltr">On Mon, Sep 20, 2021, 10:58 PM L Wittig <<a shape="rect" href="mailto:9423lew@gmail.com" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">9423lew@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br clear="none"></div><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Sounds like a good candidate for the Ig Nobel awards.</div><br clear="none"><div><div dir="ltr">On Mon, Sep 20, 2021 at 4:53 PM john rudy <<a shape="rect" href="mailto:jjrudy1@comcast.net" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">jjrudy1@comcast.net</a>> wrote:<br clear="none"></div><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div lang="EN-US"><div><p><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">This is important stuff<u></u><u></u></span></p><p><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><div><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">John Rudy<u></u><u></u></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">781-861-0402<u></u><u></u></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">781-718-8334 (cell)<u></u><u></u></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><a shape="rect" href="mailto:John.rudy@alum.mit.edu" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(5,99,193)">John.rudy@alum.mit.edu</span></a> <u></u><u></u></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">13 Hawthorne Lane<u></u><u></u></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">Bedford, MA 01730-1047<u></u><u></u></span></p><p><img id="gmail-m_-5491835680583908954yiv9963759984m_6178213914035025486gmail-m_4856782960475329375Picture_x0020_18" border="0" width="99" height="94" style="width: 1.0333in; min-height: 0.975in;" src="cid:17c1ab56a2b4cff311"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><p><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><div><div style="border-right:none;border-bottom:none;border-left:none;border-top:1pt solid rgb(225,225,225);padding:3pt 0in 0in"><p><b>From:</b> Gizmorama <<a shape="rect" href="mailto:ezine@gophercentral.com" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">ezine@gophercentral.com</a>> <br clear="none"><b>Sent:</b> Monday, September 20, 2021 11:01 AM<br clear="none"><b>To:</b> <a shape="rect" href="mailto:jjrudy1@comcast.net" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">jjrudy1@comcast.net</a><br clear="none"><b>Subject:</b> Researchers potty-train cows to reduce ammonia emissions<u></u><u></u></p></div></div><p><u></u> <u></u></p><div><div align="center"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="620" style="width:465pt;border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0in"><p><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Researchers potty-train cows to reduce ammonia emissions <u></u><u></u></span></p><div align="center"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="max-width:465pt;background:white;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="100%" style="width:100%;padding:0in"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0in"><div align="center"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="padding:0in"><p><a shape="rect" href="https://sli.gophercentral.com/click?s=758824&li=25&e=jjrudy1@comcast.net&p=7053244&stpe=default" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;text-decoration:none"><img id="gmail-m_-5491835680583908954yiv9963759984m_6178213914035025486gmail-m_4856782960475329375_x0000_i1039" border="0" width="100%" src="https://sli.gophercentral.com/imp?s=758824&li=25&e=jjrudy1@comcast.net&p=7053244&stpe=default"></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><u></u><u></u></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0in"><p><a shape="rect" href="https://sli.gophercentral.com/click?s=758825&li=25&e=jjrudy1@comcast.net&p=7053244&stpe=static" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;text-decoration:none"><img id="gmail-m_-5491835680583908954yiv9963759984m_6178213914035025486gmail-m_4856782960475329375_x0000_i1038" border="0" width="116" height="15" style="width: 1.2083in; 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min-height: 0.4in;" src="https://www.pulsetv.com/images/gopherlogo.jpg" alt="GopherCentral.com"></span></b><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(33,57,76)"><u></u><u></u></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:rgb(33,57,76);padding:0.75pt 0in"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:7.5pt"><p><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)">September 20, 2021 <u></u><u></u></span></p><h2><span style="font-family:Georgia,serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Good Morning,<u></u><u></u></span></h2><p><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Enjoy these interesting stories from the scientific community. <br clear="none"><br clear="none"><strong><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif">Until Next Time, </span></strong><b><br clear="none"><strong><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif">Erin</span></strong></b> <br clear="none"><br clear="none">Questions? Comments? Scientific Discoveries? <a shape="rect" href="http://ezine@gophercentral.com" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Email Us</a> <br clear="none"><br clear="none">P.S. Did you miss an issue? You can read every issue from the Gophercentral library of newsletters on our exhaustive archives page. Thousands of issues, all of your favorite publications in chronological order. You can Read AND Enjoy! Just click <a shape="rect" href="https://gopherarchives.gophercentral.com/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Gophercentral Archives</a> <u></u><u></u></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-top:6pt solid rgb(204,204,204);border-left:none;border-bottom:6pt solid rgb(204,204,204);border-right:none;padding:3.75pt 0in"><p align="center" style="margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><br clear="none"><a shape="rect" href="https://ptv.gophercentral.com/?a=474&oc=186&c=20815&p=r" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"></a></span><u></u><a shape="rect" href="https://ptv.gophercentral.com/?a=474&oc=186&c=20815&p=r" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><img align="left" border="0" width="84" height="90" style="width: 0.875in; min-height: 0.9333in;" src="http://www.pulsetv.com/images/8938-T.jpg" hspace="4" title=""></a><u></u><span style="color:black"><a shape="rect" href="https://ptv.gophercentral.com/?a=474&oc=186&c=20815&p=r" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">Have You Tried The Snap Cam? Watch This Short Video Here.</span></a></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><u></u><u></u></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:7.5pt"><h2 align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:Georgia,serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)">*-- Mars rover's first rock samples reveal lengthy water exposure --*<u></u><u></u></span></h2><p><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)">The first two rock samples examined by NASA's Mars rover Perseverance give scientists a firm belief that water inundated Jezero Crater for a sustained period of time, the agency announced Friday. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">"We determined salt granules in the rock indicate it was exposed to water," Julia Goreva, a NASA scientist for the rover program, said in a news conference from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">The rocks, drilled Monday and Wednesday, came from an igneous or volcanic rock. The agency previously knew that water once filled the crater, but not for how long. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">The salt deposits mean NASA can now rule out a sudden "flash in the pan" water event, the agency said in a news release. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">"It looks like our first rocks reveal a potentially habitable sustained environment," said Ken Farley, project scientist for the mission, said in the release. "It's a big deal that the water was there a long time." <br clear="none"><br clear="none">The rover sampled a rock NASA dubbed Rochette on a ridge named Artuby. The two samples are named Montdenier and Montagnac after a French mountain and region, respectively. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">Scientists chose the Rochette drilling site after a previous attempt to drill a sample failed because the brittle rock target crumbled. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">The samples now are stored and sealed inside the rover as part of a multinational effort to bring Mars rocks back to Earth by 2031, said Kate Stack Morgan, Perseverance deputy project scientist. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">The samples may be dropped on the Martian surface for a future rover to retrieve and launch into space, where another spacecraft would catch them and return them to Earth. Ultimately, the goal is to use advanced equipment on Earth to analyze the rocks for signs of ancient life on Mars. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">"We plan to continue exploring Jezero Crater ... for about two Earth years," Stack Morgan said in the news conference. "We will make decisions then on which samples we'd like to put down in that first cache." <br clear="none"><br clear="none">The samples, about the thickness of a pencil, were 2.4 inches long and 2.6 inches long, which are nearly ideal, said Jessica Samuels, the Perseverance surface mission manager, at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">"Reflecting on this moment, it has been the culmination of so many years of so many people's hard work and time and effort," Samuels said. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">"While it definitely was a very long time waiting, I think all of us can say that it feels fantastic to ... be up here and share this with you." <u></u><u></u></span></p><h2 align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:Georgia,serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)">*-- Researchers potty-train cows to reduce ammonia emissions --*<u></u><u></u></span></h2><p><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><a shape="rect" href="https://ptv.gophercentral.com/?a=474&oc=440&c=22742&p=r" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"></a></span><u></u><a shape="rect" href="https://ptv.gophercentral.com/?a=474&oc=440&c=22742&p=r" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><img align="right" border="0" width="300" height="250" style="width: 3.125in; min-height: 2.6in;" src="https://s.pulsetv.com/timages/images/banners/WowDeals21.gif" alt="Wow21" title=""></a><u></u><span style="color:black"><a shape="rect" href="https://ptv.gophercentral.com/?a=474&oc=440&c=22742&p=r" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"></a></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Researchers are potty-training cows to go to the bathroom where their feces and urine can be collected and treated, reducing ammonia emissions. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">When cattle are allowed to relieve themselves as they graze, their waste can collect in fields and contaminate local waterways. If confined to a barn, urine and feces can mix together and yield ammonia, an indirect greenhouse gas. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">Both scenarios are problematic for human and environmental health. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">To keep barns more sanitary, waterways clean and greenhouse gas emissions low, researchers have started training cow to urinate and defecate in designated areas. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">Scientists described their efforts -- a system they named MooLoo training -- in a new paper, published Monday in the journal Current Biology. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">"It's usually assumed that cattle are not capable of controlling defecation or urination," study co-author Jan Langbein said in a press release. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">"Cattle, like many other animals or farm animals are quite clever and they can learn a lot. Why shouldn't they be able to learn how to use a toilet?" said Langbein, an animal psychologist at the Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology in Germany. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">To potty-train the young cows participating in the study, researchers in Germany and New Zealand offered food rewards to calves that urinated in the latrine. Afterwards, researchers allowed the cows to enter the latrine from the fields when they needed to go. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">To discourage urination outside the latrines, researchers tried fitting the calves with headphones and playing unpleasant sounds whenever they peed in the barn. It didn't take. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">"We thought this would punish the animals -- not too aversively -- but they didn't care," Langbein said. "Ultimately, a splash of water worked well as a gentle deterrent." <br clear="none"><br clear="none">In just a few weeks, researchers trained 11 of 16 cows to regularly use the latrine to relieve themselves. According to the study's authors, the cows' potty-training performance was comparable to children and superior to very young children. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">The ammonia produced when feces and urine mix doesn't directly contribute to global warming, but when it is leached into the ground, it gets broken down by microbes that release nitrous oxide, the third-most significant greenhouse gas after methane and carbon dioxide. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">Agriculture is the number one source of ammonia emissions, and livestock account for more than half of the industry's output. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">Now that cows can be cooperative partners in the quest to reduce ammonia emissions, researchers hope to adapt their MooLoo training for outdoor farms. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">"In a few years, all cows will go to a toilet," Langbein said. <u></u><u></u></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:rgb(33,57,76);padding:3.75pt 0in"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0in"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="padding:0in"><p><a shape="rect" href="https://sli.gophercentral.com/click?s=758828&li=25&e=jjrudy1@comcast.net&p=7053244&stpe=default" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;text-decoration:none"><img id="gmail-m_-5491835680583908954yiv9963759984m_6178213914035025486gmail-m_4856782960475329375_x0000_i1035" border="0" width="100%" src="https://sli.gophercentral.com/imp?s=758828&li=25&e=jjrudy1@comcast.net&p=7053244&stpe=default"></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><u></u><u></u></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0in"><p><a shape="rect" href="https://sli.gophercentral.com/click?s=758829&li=25&e=jjrudy1@comcast.net&p=7053244&stpe=static" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;text-decoration:none"><img id="gmail-m_-5491835680583908954yiv9963759984m_6178213914035025486gmail-m_4856782960475329375_x0000_i1034" border="0" width="116" height="15" style="width: 1.2083in; min-height: 0.1583in;" src="https://sli.gophercentral.com/imp?s=758829&li=25&e=jjrudy1@comcast.net&p=7053244&stpe=static"></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><u></u><u></u></span></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0in"><p align="right" style="text-align:right"><a shape="rect" href="https://sli.gophercentral.com/click?s=758831&li=25&e=jjrudy1@comcast.net&p=7053244&stpe=static" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;text-decoration:none"><img id="gmail-m_-5491835680583908954yiv9963759984m_6178213914035025486gmail-m_4856782960475329375_x0000_i1033" border="0" width="19" height="15" style="width: 0.2in; min-height: 0.1583in;" src="https://sli.gophercentral.com/imp?s=758831&li=25&e=jjrudy1@comcast.net&p=7053244&stpe=static"></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><u></u><u></u></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:3.75pt 0in 0in"><p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Your Email Address: <a shape="rect" href="mailto:jjrudy1@comcast.net" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">jjrudy1@comcast.net</a><br clear="none">Your Subscriber ID: 51534611<br clear="none"><br clear="none"></span><span style="color:black"><a shape="rect" href="https://s.pulsetv.com/u/?e=jjrudy1@comcast.net&l=l-gizmo" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;text-decoration:none"><img id="gmail-m_-5491835680583908954yiv9963759984m_6178213914035025486gmail-m_4856782960475329375_x0000_i1032" border="0" width="200" height="25" style="width: 2.0833in; min-height: 0.2583in;" src="https://www.pulsetv.com/images/deal-unsub.png" alt="Unsubscribe Button"></span></a></span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><br clear="none"><a shape="rect" href="https://s.pulsetv.com/u/?e=jjrudy1@comcast.net&l=l-gizmo" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Problems with the Button? 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