<div dir="ltr"><div><br></div><div>Weather [or whether] or not you have a concern about human-induced or exacerbated "global warming" -- putting artificial reflectors in non-near earth orbit -- sounds like the most dangerous "junque Science"  / "Junk Engineering" of all time</div><div>If you put something out at L-1  which is dispersed IN 3d -- try to retrieve it if you made a mistake in your modeling!</div><div><br></div><div>Google project West Ford -- a DARPA plan to build an artificial Ionosphere out of copper needles<font size="4">^1</font> to insure long-range communications in a WWIII scenario</div><div>The only good thing to come out of the proof of principle phase of the program was the construction of the the small Westford antenna<font size="4">^2</font> on the Haystack grounds in Westford  -- hence the eponymous [love that word] project West Ford -- later used for a number of experiments as a 2nd antenna to the Haystack dish to disambiguate data</div><div><br></div><div>Ted</div><div><br></div><div><font size="4">1  Highlight from the Wikipedia:</font></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">A ring of 480,000,000[3] copper dipole antennas (needles which were 1.78 centimetres (0.70 in) long and 25.4 micrometres (1.00 thou) [1961] or 17.8 micrometres (0.70 thou) [1963] in diameter)[4][5] were placed in orbit to facilitate global radio communication. The length was chosen because it was half the wavelength of the 8 GHz signal used in the study.[1] The dipoles collectively provided passive support to Project Westford's parabolic dish (located in the town of Westford) to communicate with distant sites...<br>A first attempt was launched on 21 October 1961,[5] during which the needles failed to disperse. The project was eventually successful with the 9 May 1963[5] launch, with radio transmissions carried by the man-made ring. However, the technology was ultimately shelved, partially due to the development of the modern communications satellite and partially due to protests from other scientists.[1][2]...</blockquote><div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">The needles were placed in medium Earth orbit at an altitude of between 3,500 and 3,800 kilometres (2,200–2,400 mi) at inclinations of 96 and 87 degrees. They have contributed to Earth's space debris.[6]..<br></blockquote><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_sail" title="Solar sail" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px;background:none;text-decoration-line:none;color:rgb(6,69,173)">sunlight pressure</a><span style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px">would cause the dipoles to only remain in</span><span style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px;background:none;text-decoration-line:none;color:rgb(6,69,173)">orbit</a><span style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px">for a short period of approximately three years. The international protest ultimately resulted in a consultation provision included in the 1967</span><span style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty" title="Outer Space Treaty" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px;background:none;text-decoration-line:none;color:rgb(6,69,173)">Outer Space Treaty</a><span style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px">.</span><sup id="gmail-cite_ref-The_Forgotten_Cold_War_Plan_That_Put_a_Ring_of_Copper_Around_the_Earth_1-5" class="gmail-reference" style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:14px"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_West_Ford#cite_note-The_Forgotten_Cold_War_Plan_That_Put_a_Ring_of_Copper_Around_the_Earth-1" style="text-decoration-line:none;color:rgb(6,69,173);background:none">[1]</a></sup><sup id="gmail-cite_ref-af_7-1" class="gmail-reference" style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:14px"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_West_Ford#cite_note-af-7" style="text-decoration-line:none;color:rgb(6,69,173);background:none">[7]</a></sup>...</blockquote><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><span style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px">Fifty years later, in 2013, some of the dipoles that had not deployed correctly still remained in clumps, contributing a small amount of the orbital debris tracked by</span><span style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_Orbital_Debris_Program_Office" title="NASA Orbital Debris Program Office" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px;background:none;text-decoration-line:none;color:rgb(6,69,173)">NASA’s Orbital Debris Program Office</a><span style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px">.</span><sup id="gmail-cite_ref-networkWorld2013_12-0" class="gmail-reference" style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:14px"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_West_Ford#cite_note-networkWorld2013-12" style="text-decoration-line:none;color:rgb(6,69,173);background:none">[12]</a></sup><sup id="gmail-cite_ref-orbitalDebris2013_13-0" class="gmail-reference" style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:14px"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_West_Ford#cite_note-orbitalDebris2013-13" style="text-decoration-line:none;color:rgb(6,69,173);background:none">[13]</a></sup><span style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:17.5px">Their numbers have been diminishing over time as they occasionally re-enter. As of March 2020, 36 clumps of needles were still known to be in orbit.</span><sup id="gmail-cite_ref-stuffin.space_14-0" class="gmail-reference" style="color:rgb(32,33,34);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:14px"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_West_Ford#cite_note-stuffin.space-14" style="text-decoration-line:none;color:rgb(6,69,173);background:none">[</a></sup><font size="4"> </font></blockquote></div><div><br></div><div><font size="4">2</font> from the Haystack Observatory website</div><div><br></div><div>Westford is an 18.3-m broadband VLBI radio telescope currently operating in the 2–14 GHz frequency range. It is protected from the elements by a 28-meter-diameter, air-inflated radome constructed of 1.2-mm-thick Teflon(TM) fabric.<br></div><div><a href="https://www.haystack.mit.edu/about/haystack-telescopes-and-facilities/westford-radio-telescope/">https://www.haystack.mit.edu/about/haystack-telescopes-and-facilities/westford-radio-telescope/</a><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Jul 11, 2022 at 12:09 PM L Wittig <<a href="mailto:9423lew@gmail.com">9423lew@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">This is considered a somewhat of a backup solution if other measures don't slow global warming in time.<div><br><div><a href="https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2022/7/10/2109508/-Move-over-GeoEngineering-Climate-solutions-MIT-has-found-a-Mitigation-method-that-works-from-Space" target="_blank">https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2022/7/10/2109508/-Move-over-GeoEngineering-Climate-solutions-MIT-has-found-a-Mitigation-method-that-works-from-Space</a><br></div><div><br></div><div><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/mit-engineers-propose-cooling-our-planet-with-a-raft-of-space-bubbles" target="_blank">https://www.sciencealert.com/mit-engineers-propose-cooling-our-planet-with-a-raft-of-space-bubbles</a><br></div><div><br></div><div><a href="https://senseable.mit.edu/space-bubbles/" target="_blank">https://senseable.mit.edu/space-bubbles/</a><br></div><div><br></div><div>-- Larry</div></div></div>
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