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    <p>No doubt there are arguments from passengers bound for all 3
      buses of Jerry's cartoon (I could not the name of the artist)....</p>
    <p>However, it is hard to swallow (my understatement of the day) to
      believe that the end of the "hockey-stick curve" (see snip below;
      <font color="blue"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_stick_graph">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_stick_graph</a></font>),
      starting at our Industrial Revolution, is a mere cosmic
      coincidence of two unrelated events.</p>
    <p>Tony</p>
    <p><img src="cid:part1.LBqMsxKp.qFXFxDNx@verizon.net" alt=""
        width="605" height="495"></p>
    <p>=============<br>
    </p>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 7/25/22 7:17 PM, Ted Kochanski
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CAPj-+DEE9N0pwcsHyTNuiZB+UaPaF-8H__VwJgArGxuGcsDKbw@mail.gmail.com">
      <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
      <div dir="ltr">Michael, et al
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>I'm not sure what “mainstream expert opinion” -- actually
          means</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>There is enormous gap between the highly political "Summary
          for Policymakers" and the technical content of the IPCC
          reports</div>
        <div>There is a fairly rigorous peer review process for the
          technical chapters with people of a skeptical bent such as
          Richard Lindzen playing key roles as principal authors [e.g.
          in 2001]</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>The true sciencientists are careful to specify the large
          uncertainties associated with many of the parameters --
          sometime  with multidimensional error bars -- such as the
          effects of clouds on radiation back into space at night ["the
          blanket on top of the greenhouse roof effect"] </div>
        <div>These parameters in turn govern the atmospheric models --
          the truth is that no one has yet figured out how to
          characterize the "feedback phase" [+/- multiplier due to the
          various clouds at various altitudes] and many similar
          processes -- so they are just approximated by other parameters
          or just ignored [e.g. the well known crudeness of the general
          circulation models down at the level of mountain ranges where
          with a few exceptions only a generalized friction term is used
          in place of any detailed 3D processes which we know are
          important in weather such as the  Alpine föhn, Chinooks, etc.</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>In the end -- all of the IPCC " projections "quoted by the
          Media and political types" are made by economic models of
          energy consumption and fossil fuel burning -- they really have
          no fundamental basis in underlying atmospheric science once
          the one parameter [sensitivity to doubling the CO2 is
          selected]<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>The stuff that the media talks about -- is crafted by the
          politics within and without the UN Committee involved in the
          process -- many of the people negotiating the Summary are
          politicians, economists or functionaries contributed by the
          various countries -- many have no actual history of making
          contributions to the underlying science</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>I agree that we need to well understand the matter before
          us -- however precipitous ["pun"?] action is the absence of
          understanding is likely to be wasteful at the minimum and even
          potentially exacerbating.</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Finally -- its all well and good for the Davos crowd to
          preen and congratulate themselves -- they have achieved a much
          higher standard of living than their ancestors of just about a
          couple of generations ago [due to fossil fuels and
          electricity] -- what about the B's of people still living on a
          subsistence agricultural level  -- don't they deserve some
          chance to flourish?<br>
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div>Ted</div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <br>
      <div class="gmail_quote">
        <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Jul 25, 2022 at 5:38
          PM Michael Alexander <<a href="mailto:mna.ma@yahoo.com"
            moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">mna.ma@yahoo.com</a>>
          wrote:<br>
        </div>
        <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
          0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
          <div>
            Jerry et al.:  I subscribe to the idea that climate change
            is substantially human-caused, and that the impact on Earth
            and humans is already severe and getting worse.  It seems to
            me that critiques like those Ted Kochanski advances are,
            though perceptive and (I think) valid, of second-order
            importance for policymakers because the scope and intensity
            of climate-change-induced phenomena have become so huge.
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>To the best of my understanding, “mainstream expert
              opinion” believes standard climate models (including the
              data fed into them) have underestimated the extent of
              global and regional changes (temperature changes, CO2 and
              CH4 (methane) concentrations), plus massive droughts, mass
              fires, etc.  <span
                id="gmail-m_8582507992065414401yahoo-rte-cursor-span"></span>Therefore,
              strong countervailing actions have become imperative, even
              as climate models and input data are improved.<br>
              <br>
              To say this is one thing.  To achieve genuine,
              significant changes— worldwide changes, not changes
              merely in North America – is quite different and far more
              complicated. </div>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>    – Mike Alexander</div>
            <div><br>
              <br>
              <br>
              <p
style="font-size:15px;color:rgb(113,95,250);padding-top:15px;margin-top:0px">On
                Monday, July 25, 2022, 5:06 PM, Ted Kochanski <<a
                  href="mailto:tedpkphd@gmail.com" target="_blank"
                  moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">tedpkphd@gmail.com</a>>
                wrote:</p>
              <blockquote>
                <div id="gmail-m_8582507992065414401yiv8445333589">
                  <div>
                    <div dir="ltr">Jerry,
                      <div><br clear="none">
                      </div>
                      <div>Its not as simple as: </div>
                      <div>branch -- the climate is constant </div>
                      <div>or branch humans are changing the climate</div>
                      <div><br clear="none">
                      </div>
                      <div>The climate is always changing, which is why
                        the weather folks use a 30 year sliding average
                        to define [the average high, average low or the
                        average] for a given location and a given
                        calendar date.</div>
                      <div>The dynamics of weather forcast on a
                        short-time scale [say up to 10 days] and
                        forecasts for the upcoming season are not
                        cleanly delineated</div>
                      <div>and then you get meta-events such as a
                        drought lasting a few months to a few years  --
                        is that a climate or just weather event</div>
                      <div><br clear="none">
                      </div>
                      <div>However, when you see prolonged instances of
                        something such as the Extended Freezing weather
                        in the 1300's through as late as the early
                        1800's in Europe, North America and beyond  --
                        aka the Little Ice Age [LIA] -- that is clearly
                        climate on a nearly global scale.  Similarly the
                        LIA is predated by the Medieval Optimum [MO]
                        when much of coastal Greenland was ice-free. 
                        However, we have minimal instrumental data on
                        the LIA [mostly the latter few decades] and none
                        at all about the MO -- depending entirely on
                        proxies of various fidelities and a scattering
                        of documents relating to environmental
                        conditions.</div>
                      <div><br clear="none">
                      </div>
                      <div>Proxies from further back suggest that there
                        were multiple LIA and MO like periods in the
                        Holocene Epoch in the past approximately 11,650
                        cal years since the Last Glacial Period.  There
                        was also one extraordinary event known as the
                        Younger Dryas aka Younger Dryas stadial [cool
                        period between roughly 12,900 and 11,600 years
                        ago that disrupted the prevailing warming trend
                        occurring in the Northern Hemisphere at the end
                        of the Last Glacial Period.  Ice and other cores
                        indicate that the onset of the cooling of the
                        Younger Dryas was preceded by the
                        Bølling-Allerød interstadial rapid warming
                        [beginning approximately 14,700 years ago].  The
                        Younger Dryas' return to near Glacial conditions
                        lasted about 1300 hundred years and was followed
                        by extremely rapid warming to near current
                        conditions  [Greenland ice-core samples suggest
                        that local temperatures increased by up to 10 °C
                        in just a few decades].</div>
                      <div><br clear="none">
                      </div>
                      <div>if you want to try to put your finger on the
                        human component of climate change -- you need to
                        look to the past few decades when we have some
                        fairly "good" data sets of direct measurements
                        of temperatures [from satellites with their
                        issues] and CO2 concentration and figure how to
                        exclude the non-human induced variability of the
                        fairly recent [past 120 to 50 years ago].  This
                        post LIA  era -- features substantial
                        variability before the recent "Satellite
                        Measurement Era" [SME] -- sufficient for both
                        "Global Warming" [early 20th C] and "Global
                        Cooling" with possible return to Glaciation [mid
                        20th C] to be popularized in major Magazine
                        cover stories. If human activity didn't play a
                        role in creating the MO or the LIA and is
                        difficult to credibly associate with the ending
                        of the LIA -- why do we feel so certain {"the
                        science is settled"} that we can use human
                        activity to explain everything which has
                        happened in the modern Satellite era.</div>
                      <div><br clear="none">
                      </div>
                      <div>Ted</div>
                      <div> </div>
                      <div><br clear="none">
                      </div>
                      <div><br clear="none">
                      </div>
                      <div><br clear="none">
                      </div>
                    </div>
                    <br clear="none">
                    <div
                      id="gmail-m_8582507992065414401yiv8445333589yqt69255">
                      <div>
                        <div dir="ltr">On Mon, Jul 25, 2022 at 4:13 PM
                          Jerry Harris <<a rel="nofollow noopener
                            noreferrer" shape="rect"
                            href="mailto:jerryharri@gmail.com"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                            class="moz-txt-link-freetext">jerryharri@gmail.com</a>>
                          wrote:<br clear="none">
                        </div>
                        <blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px
                          0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
                          rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                          <div dir="ltr">> "Anyone who denies that
                            there are legitimate scientific questions...
                            is either un-read or not a true believer in
                            what the process of science is all about who
                            is just interested in <b>psychological
                              terror</b> of the populace." (emphasis
                            added)<br clear="none">
                            <div><br clear="none">
                            </div>
                            <div>This seems to be a variant of Godwin's
                              Law. (Although, am I pulling a Meta-Godwin
                              by referencing Godwin? :-)</div>
                            <div><br clear="none">
                            </div>
                            <div>Are we having a disagreement on whether
                              climate change is human-caused or on the
                              severity of the impact on Earth and
                              humans? I thought we were past this stage
                              of the discussion.</div>
                            <div><br clear="none">
                            </div>
                            <div><img
                                src="cid:part2.pyVamLw9.qq0hITEY@verizon.net"
                                alt="image.png" class="" width="472"
                                height="315"><br clear="none">
                            </div>
                            <div><br clear="none">
                            </div>
                            <div>Jerry</div>
                          </div>
                          <br clear="none">
                          <div>
                            <div dir="ltr">On Mon, Jul 25, 2022 at 2:33
                              PM Ted Kochanski <<a rel="nofollow
                                noopener noreferrer" shape="rect"
                                href="mailto:tedpkphd@gmail.com"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                                class="moz-txt-link-freetext">tedpkphd@gmail.com</a>>
                              wrote:<br clear="none">
                            </div>
                            <blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px
                              0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
                              rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                              <div dir="ltr">Marvin,
                                <div><br clear="none">
                                </div>
                                <div>In addition to Lonborg who believes
                                  strongly in the human role in causing
                                  climate change on a global scale there
                                  are many imminent atmospheric
                                  scientists who question the dependence
                                  of the "Catastrophic wing of the
                                  Anthropogenic Climate Change argument]
                                  on models which are constantly
                                  tweaked [without actually modifying
                                  the underlying theoretical framework
                                  for the models nor actually testing
                                  them against the best of our
                                  measurements of things like vertical
                                  profiles]  -- meanwhile the planet
                                  does its own thing with our and all of
                                  the other inputs.</div>
                                <div><br clear="none">
                                </div>
                                <div>Anyone who denies that there are
                                  legitimate scientific questions
                                  leading to model parameters which are
                                  inadequately quantified [even in some
                                  cases to the sign of the term] to
                                  result in model output which is
                                  consistent with the best measurements
                                  -- is either un-read or not a true
                                  believer in what the process of
                                  science is all about who is just
                                  interested in psychological terror of
                                  the populace.</div>
                                <div><br clear="none">
                                </div>
                                <div>I suggest reading Fred Singer --
                                  just before his death he and several
                                  others updated his original 1997 book
                                  for the layman and others</div>
                                <div>Hot Talk, Cold Science (2021)<br
                                    clear="none">
                                  Global Warming’s Unfinished Debate
                                  (Revised and Expanded Third Edition)<br
                                    clear="none">
                                  <br clear="none">
                                  S. Fred Singer (Author)<br
                                    clear="none">
                                  David R. Legates (Author)<br
                                    clear="none">
                                  Anthony R. Lupo (Author)<br
                                    clear="none">
                                  Frederick Seitz (Foreword)<br
                                    clear="none">
                                  William Happer (Foreword)<br
                                    clear="none">
                                </div>
                                <div><br clear="none">
                                </div>
                                <div>Ted</div>
                              </div>
                              <br clear="none">
                              <div>
                                <div dir="ltr">On Mon, Jul 25, 2022 at
                                  10:56 AM Marvin Menzin <<a
                                    rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"
                                    shape="rect"
                                    href="mailto:mmenzin@icloud.com"
                                    target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext">mmenzin@icloud.com</a>>
                                  wrote:<br clear="none">
                                </div>
                                <blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px
                                  0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
                                  rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                                  <div>
                                    <div>Even in our discussion about
                                      actions we should take on climate
                                      change, it's notable that many
                                      rational voices support action
                                      "but not if it hurts economic
                                      growth". If the consequences of
                                      climate change are so severe, why
                                      should we not act regardless? Does
                                      the complexity of predicting the
                                      outcome of the status quo vs
                                      taking action lend bias towards
                                      non-change? Probably. We're
                                      evolutionarily not equipped to
                                      deal with long-term threats. </div>
                                    <br clear="none">
                                    Re the above , there are many
                                    rational people willing to accept
                                    some hardship to  mitigate warming
                                    and the long term threat.. so it
                                    comes down to degree, what degree of
                                    pain is justified given the threat
                                    and the uncertainty  of the
                                    timeline? 
                                    <div>i suggest reading Lomberg on
                                      the subject. .he is one of that
                                      tries to quantify the cost benefit
                                      ratios of our actions on climate. </div>
                                    <div><br clear="none">
                                    </div>
                                    <div><br clear="none">
                                      <div><br clear="none">
                                      </div>
                                      <div>  <br clear="none">
                                        <div dir="ltr">Sent from my iPad</div>
                                        <div dir="ltr"><br clear="none">
                                          <blockquote type="cite">On Jul
                                            25, 2022, at 10:50 AM, Jerry
                                            Harris <<a rel="nofollow
                                              noopener noreferrer"
                                              shape="rect"
                                              href="mailto:jerryharri@gmail.com"
                                              target="_blank"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                                              class="moz-txt-link-freetext">jerryharri@gmail.com</a>>
                                            wrote:<br clear="none">
                                            <br clear="none">
                                          </blockquote>
                                        </div>
                                        <blockquote type="cite">
                                          <div dir="ltr">
                                            <div dir="ltr">Ted, 
                                              <div>Thanks for the
                                                explanations about the
                                                complexities with taking
                                                temperature measurements
                                                and your comments about
                                                the human aspect of
                                                scientific endeavors. </div>
                                              <div><br clear="none">
                                              </div>
                                              <div>We are legitimizing
                                                (to a larger degree than
                                                I'd like to admit) the
                                                realm of conspiracy
                                                theories and deliberate
                                                disinformation campaigns
                                                by tacitly acknowledging
                                                the notion that labeling
                                                information a conspiracy
                                                or disinformation is a
                                                matter of choice.
                                                Pointing out a
                                                person's profit motive
                                                or ideological agenda
                                                for spreading the
                                                information isn't a
                                                strong argument since we
                                                all apply our belief
                                                systems when selecting
                                                data on the ladder of
                                                inference. On major
                                                topics where experts
                                                disagree, it especially
                                                opens the door for
                                                non-experts to confuse
                                                the debate and dilute
                                                our collective resolve
                                                to take important
                                                action. </div>
                                              <div><br clear="none">
                                              </div>
                                              <div>Even in our
                                                discussion about actions
                                                we should take on
                                                climate change, it's
                                                notable that many
                                                rational voices support
                                                action "but not if it
                                                hurts economic growth".
                                                If the consequences of
                                                climate change are so
                                                severe, why should we
                                                not act regardless? Does
                                                the complexity of
                                                predicting the outcome
                                                of the status quo vs
                                                taking action lend bias
                                                towards non-change?
                                                Probably. We're
                                                evolutionarily not
                                                equipped to deal with
                                                long-term threats. </div>
                                              <div><br clear="none">
                                              </div>
                                              <div>Jerry </div>
                                              <div><br clear="none">
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <br clear="none">
                                            <div>
                                              <div dir="ltr">On Fri, Jul
                                                22, 2022 at 11:39 AM Ted
                                                Kochanski <<a
                                                  rel="nofollow noopener
                                                  noreferrer"
                                                  shape="rect"
                                                  href="mailto:tedpkphd@gmail.com"
                                                  target="_blank"
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext">tedpkphd@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br
                                                  clear="none">
                                              </div>
                                              <blockquote
                                                style="margin:0px 0px
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                                                <div dir="ltr">Jerry and
                                                  all
                                                  <div><br clear="none">
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div>I think one has
                                                    to be very careful
                                                    in characterizing
                                                    and manipulating
                                                    data which may not
                                                    be well understood
                                                    [as to error
                                                    sources, various
                                                    pre-processing,
                                                    etc.]</div>
                                                  <div>Spencer*1 and
                                                    Christy*2 are very
                                                    careful scientists
                                                    and in particular
                                                    know the satellite
                                                    microwave
                                                    radiometer data
                                                    better than nearly
                                                    anybody  --
                                                    having worked with
                                                    it for more than 30
                                                    years </div>
                                                  <div><br clear="none">
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <div>The Satellite
                                                      data record has
                                                      been scrutinized,
                                                      challenged and
                                                      augmented over the
                                                      years until
                                                      the error
                                                      bars[mostly now
                                                      duie to the
                                                      difficulty in
                                                      calibrating from
                                                      one satellite to a
                                                      successor and the
                                                      effects of
                                                      orbital decay on
                                                      the field of view]
                                                      are miniscule 
                                                      [+/- 0.02 C] in
                                                      comparison to the
                                                      very poorly
                                                      characterized and
grossly manipulated global surface temperature record.  For example the
                                                      "Official Boston
                                                      Temperature" has
                                                      been collected
                                                      from sites at
                                                      different
                                                      elevations
                                                      above sea level,
                                                      different
                                                      distances from the
                                                      edge of the harbor
                                                      and even on
                                                      different sides of
                                                      the harbor.  Even
                                                      for the nearly one
                                                      hundred years that
                                                      the temperature
                                                      has been measured
                                                      in East Boston--
                                                      there have been
                                                      several
                                                      measurement sites
                                                      since the days of
                                                      the East Boston
                                                      Army Airfield
                                                      [gravel strip]*3 
                                                      --  and then the
                                                      configuration of
                                                      the harbor's edge
                                                      and nature of the
                                                      surrounding
                                                      surfaces near to
                                                      the measurement
                                                      site has changed
                                                      drastically even
                                                      when the
                                                      measurements were
                                                      taken at the old
                                                      control tower. 
                                                      Even since the
                                                      measurement site
                                                      returned to the
                                                      edge of the harbor
                                                      with the filling
                                                      of Bird Island
                                                      Flats and the
                                                      construction of
                                                      the Hyatt and
                                                      Logan Office
                                                      Center there have
                                                      been further
                                                      changes in the
                                                      surroundings with
                                                      the construction
                                                      of the adjacent
                                                      paved area for the
                                                      one-way runway
                                                      on one side and
                                                      the consolidated
                                                      garage for rental
                                                      cars on the other
                                                      side.</div>
                                                    <div><br
                                                        clear="none">
                                                    </div>
                                                    <div>As a personal
                                                      observation I have
                                                      had some
                                                      extensive exposure
                                                      to the NOAA ocean
                                                      buoy data sets
                                                      when I was working
                                                      on an unrelated
                                                      problem at Lincoln
                                                      Lab.  I was
                                                      bothered by a
                                                      persistent "fat
                                                      tail" on the
                                                      distribution of
                                                      the buoys' air
                                                      temperature
                                                      records despite a
                                                      "careful design"
                                                      of the sun shields
                                                      for the
                                                      thermometers.  On
                                                      closer inspection
                                                      the
                                                      anomalous tails
                                                      occurred only
                                                      immediately before
                                                      sunset and
                                                      immediately after
                                                      sunrise.  The best
                                                      explanation -- low
                                                      angle scattering
                                                      of sunlight from
                                                      the ocean under
                                                      calm sea surface
                                                      conditions.</div>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div><br clear="none">
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div><br clear="none">
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div>Overall its easy
                                                    to assume the best
                                                    for the data
                                                    collection and
                                                    processing -- no-one
                                                    screws-up the data
                                                    intentionally -- --
butrealloy understanding the constraints and quirks of the data is often
                                                    complicated when all
                                                    the idiosyncrasies
                                                    get considered.</div>
                                                  <div><br clear="none">
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div><br clear="none">
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div>*1</div>
                                                  <div>Spencer's
                                                    background</div>
                                                  <blockquote
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                                                    rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Roy
                                                    W. Spencer received
                                                    his Ph.D. in
                                                    meteorology at the
                                                    University of
                                                    Wisconsin-Madison in
                                                    1981. Before
                                                    becoming a Principal
                                                    Research Scientist
                                                    at the University of
                                                    Alabama in
                                                    Huntsville in 2001,
                                                    he was a Senior
                                                    Scientist for
                                                    Climate Studies at
                                                    NASA’s Marshall
                                                    Space Flight Center,
                                                    where he and Dr.
                                                    John Christy
                                                    received NASA’s
                                                    Exceptional
                                                    Scientific
                                                    Achievement Medal
                                                    for their global
                                                    temperature
                                                    monitoring work with
                                                    satellites. Dr.
                                                    Spencer’s work with
                                                    NASA continues as
                                                    the U.S. Science
                                                    Team leader for the
                                                    Advanced Microwave
                                                    Scanning Radiometer
                                                    flying on NASA’s
                                                    Aqua satellite. He
                                                    has provided
                                                    congressional
                                                    testimony several
                                                    times on the subject
                                                    of global warming.</blockquote>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <blockquote
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                                                      Spencer’s research
                                                      has been entirely
                                                      supported by U.S.
                                                      government
                                                      agencies: NASA,
                                                      NOAA, and DOE. He
                                                      has never been
                                                      asked by any oil
                                                      company to perform
                                                      any kind of
                                                      service. Not even
                                                      Exxon-Mobil.</blockquote>
                                                    <div><br
                                                        clear="none">
                                                    </div>
                                                    <div> *2</div>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div>Christy's
                                                    background</div>
                                                  <blockquote
                                                    style="margin:0px
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                                                    rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Dr.
                                                    John R. Christy is
                                                    the Distinguished
                                                    Professor of
                                                    Atmospheric Science
                                                    and Director of the
                                                    Earth System Science
                                                    Center at The
                                                    University of
                                                    Alabama in
                                                    Huntsville where he
                                                    began studying
                                                    global climate
                                                    issues in 1987.
                                                    Since November 2000
                                                    he has been
                                                    Alabama's State
                                                    Climatologist. In
                                                    1989 Dr. Roy W.
                                                    Spencer (then a
                                                    NASA/Marshall
                                                    scientist and now a
                                                    Principal Research
                                                    Scientist at UAH)
                                                    and Christy
                                                    developed a global
                                                    temperature data set
                                                    from microwave data
                                                    observed from
                                                    satellites beginning
                                                    in 1979. For this
                                                    achievement, the
                                                    Spencer-Christy team
                                                    was awarded NASA's
                                                    Medal for
                                                    Exceptional
                                                    Scientific
                                                    Achievement in 1991.
                                                    <b>In 1996, they
                                                      were selected to
                                                      receive a Special
                                                      Award by the
                                                      American
                                                      Meteorological
                                                      Society "for
                                                      developing a
                                                      global, precise
                                                      record of earth's
                                                      temperature from
                                                      operational
                                                      polar-orbiting
                                                      satellites,
                                                      fundamentally
                                                      advancing our
                                                      ability to monitor
                                                      climate."</b> In
                                                    January 2002 Christy
                                                    was inducted as a
                                                    Fellow of the
                                                    American
                                                    Meteorological
                                                    Society.<br
                                                      clear="none">
                                                    Education<br
                                                      clear="none">
                                                    Ph.D., Atmospheric
                                                    Science, University
                                                    of Illinois, 1987<br
                                                      clear="none">
                                                    M.S., Atmospheric
                                                    Science, University
                                                    of Illinois, 1984<br
                                                      clear="none">
                                                    Graduate Research
                                                    Assistant University
                                                    of Illinois (summer
                                                    1985 at NCAR)</blockquote>
                                                  <div><br clear="none">
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div><br clear="none">
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div>*3 </div>
                                                  <div>Wikipedia article </div>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <blockquote
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                                                      rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Jeffries
                                                      Point in East
                                                      Boston was
                                                      selected as the
                                                      site, due to its
                                                      principal
                                                      advantage of the
                                                      capability for
                                                      enlargement
                                                      through the
                                                      filling in of the
                                                      adjoining flats,
                                                      owned by the
                                                      state. The
                                                      aircraft landing
                                                      field at Jeffires
                                                      Point in East
                                                      Boston was to
                                                      accommodate
                                                      military, naval
                                                      and air mail
                                                      airplanes and
                                                      commercial and
                                                      civilian flyers.<br
                                                        clear="none">
                                                      Built in 1923,
                                                      East Boston's new
                                                      airport had two
                                                      1,500 foot cinder
                                                      covered runways
                                                      laid out in the
                                                      shape of a "T"
                                                      with turning
                                                      circles at each
                                                      end. </blockquote>
                                                    <div><br
                                                        clear="none">
                                                    </div>
                                                    <div><br
                                                        clear="none">
                                                    </div>
                                                    <div>Ted </div>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div><br clear="none">
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div><br clear="none">
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div><br clear="none">
                                                  </div>
                                                </div>
                                                <br clear="none">
                                                <div>
                                                  <div dir="ltr">On Thu,
                                                    Jul 21, 2022 at 2:46
                                                    PM Jerry Harris <<a
                                                      rel="nofollow
                                                      noopener
                                                      noreferrer"
                                                      shape="rect"
                                                      href="mailto:jerryharri@gmail.com"
                                                      target="_blank"
                                                      moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext">jerryharri@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br
                                                      clear="none">
                                                  </div>
                                                  <blockquote
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                                                    <div dir="ltr">Hi
                                                      Stephen, 
                                                      <div>>
                                                        Meanwhile,
                                                        notice that the
                                                        opposite does
                                                        NOT happen.  In
                                                        other words,
                                                        nowhere in the
                                                        “alternative” or
                                                        “pseudoscience”
                                                        world are the
                                                        real academic
                                                        debates on these
                                                        supposedly
                                                        “alternative
                                                        facts” actually
                                                        referenced. 
                                                        It’s a one-sided
                                                        argument where
                                                        science engages
                                                        it’s critics but
                                                        it’s critics
                                                        then ignore
                                                        those legitimate
                                                        responses to
                                                        their attacks. </div>
                                                      <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>This is
                                                        usually a sign
                                                        the debater is
                                                        approaching the
                                                        topic with a
                                                        pre-conceived
                                                        conclusion and
                                                        will discard
                                                        contradictory
                                                        facts, treating
                                                        the data as a
                                                        means to an
                                                        end. </div>
                                                      <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>As for this
                                                        particular
                                                        dataset on Dr
                                                        Roy's website, I
                                                        downloaded his
                                                        data file (it
                                                        was not
                                                        csv-formatted)
                                                        and created a
                                                        chart. The
                                                        charts don't
                                                        match at all.
                                                        It's also clear
                                                        it's an
                                                        incomplete
                                                        dataset. The
                                                        numbers are
                                                        "temperature
                                                        anomalies",
                                                        which are deltas
                                                        from an average
                                                        calculated
                                                        across a range
                                                        of the original
                                                        temperature data
                                                        (eg, years
                                                        1981-2001).
                                                        The average of
                                                        the anomaly data
                                                        across the same
                                                        range should
                                                        equal zero.
                                                        There was no
                                                        such range in
                                                        his data file,
                                                        so he's missing
                                                        data. </div>
                                                      <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>I don't know
                                                        whether the data
                                                        is legit or not,
                                                        but someone
                                                        who's this
                                                        sloppy with
                                                        their charts and
                                                        data is working
                                                        from a trust
                                                        deficit. </div>
                                                      <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>Jerry</div>
                                                    </div>
                                                    <br clear="none">
                                                    <div>
                                                      <div dir="ltr">On
                                                        Thu, Jul 21,
                                                        2022 at 1:34 PM
                                                        Stephen Quatrano
                                                        <<a
                                                          rel="nofollow
                                                          noopener
                                                          noreferrer"
                                                          shape="rect"
                                                          href="mailto:stefanoq@gmail.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">stefanoq@gmail.com</a>>
                                                        wrote:<br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                      </div>
                                                      <blockquote
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                                                        <div>Jerry, 
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>I get
                                                          what you are
                                                          saying. 
                                                          Theories that
                                                          explain the
                                                          evidence are
                                                          absolutely a
                                                          matter of
                                                          debate in the
                                                          scientific
                                                          community. 
                                                          And it’s
                                                          certainly true
                                                          about what
                                                          should be DONE
                                                          about climate
                                                          change, which
                                                          is not a
                                                          scientific
                                                          question at
                                                          all.  But with
                                                          respect to the
                                                          evidence
                                                          itself,
                                                          especially in
                                                          a case like
                                                          this, I think
                                                          there is still
                                                          a LOT we can
                                                          say in order
                                                          to push back
                                                          on a
                                                          post-modern
                                                          kind of view
                                                          where everyone
                                                          is entitled to
                                                          their own
                                                          facts as well
                                                          as their own
                                                          opinions. 
                                                          Furthermore,
                                                          in this case,
                                                          I think
                                                          there’s
                                                          evidence that
                                                          this data set
                                                          in particular
                                                          is being used
                                                          in bad faith —
                                                          abused in
                                                          other words —
                                                          to undermine
                                                          public
                                                          confidence in
                                                          science.</div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>This
                                                          satellite data
                                                          is not a set
                                                          of
                                                          “alternative
                                                          facts” that
                                                          are ignored by
                                                          the scientific
                                                          community.  It
                                                          doesn’t even
                                                          contradict
                                                          warming that
                                                          has been
                                                          observed
                                                          unless you
                                                          cherry pick
                                                          the data.
                                                           (Why are we
                                                          looking at the
                                                          last 18
                                                          years?)  On
                                                          the contrary,
                                                          the overall
                                                          dataset
                                                          confirms the
                                                          fact that the
                                                          planet is
                                                          warming, first
                                                          of all.  And
                                                          second, this
                                                          data set is
                                                          PART of the
                                                          empirical data
                                                          we use to
                                                          understand
                                                          what is
                                                          happening to
                                                          our planet. 
                                                          And finally,
                                                          on its own, it
                                                          does not
                                                          falsify an
                                                          overwhelming,
                                                          global
                                                          consensus on
                                                          the fact of
                                                          climate change
                                                          and
                                                          attribution
                                                          models that
                                                          can ONLY
                                                          account for
                                                          observed
                                                          changes when
                                                          we consider
                                                          the effects of
                                                          human
                                                          activity.</div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>All you
                                                          need to do to
                                                          verify these
                                                          three claims
                                                          is search the
                                                          scientific
                                                          record for the
                                                          dataset. 
                                                          Voila!  You
                                                          find it!! 
                                                          Someone more
                                                          skilled than I
                                                          am with
                                                          familiarity
                                                          and access to
                                                          original
                                                          scientific
                                                          research can
                                                          do it even
                                                          better than I
                                                          have, no
                                                          doubt.  I’d
                                                          love to see
                                                          and learn more
                                                          about this
                                                          dataset!</div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>This is
                                                          pretty far
                                                          from my own
                                                          expertise but
                                                          I have
                                                          invested quite
                                                          a bit of time
                                                          into both the
                                                          history and
                                                          philosophy of
                                                          science in
                                                          order to
                                                          understand
                                                          “how we know
                                                          what we
                                                          know”.  I’ve
                                                          learned to
                                                          take a deep
                                                          breath and ask
                                                          some important
                                                          questions
                                                          before
                                                          engaging in
                                                          unproductive
                                                          debate on
                                                          science and
                                                          pseudoscience.
                                                           </div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>For
                                                          example, my
                                                          first question
                                                          is:  “What
                                                          exactly is
                                                          this data
                                                          set?”  I try
                                                          hard to
                                                          actually be
                                                          interested in
                                                          the data and
                                                          interested in
                                                          learning.  Why
                                                          not?  It’s
                                                          cool.</div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>And my
                                                          second
                                                          question is:
                                                           “If it is
                                                          legit, and if
                                                          it does
                                                          contradict
                                                          other data, is
                                                          it actually
                                                          being ignored
                                                          by scientists
                                                          (which is what
                                                          is being
                                                          implied by the
                                                          controversy)? 
                                                          Is it being
                                                          hidden or
                                                          covered up? 
                                                          Or perhaps
                                                          it’s actually
                                                          being used in
                                                          their
                                                          models?” </div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>Does
                                                          anyone else
                                                          notice that
                                                          these
                                                          questions are
                                                          not asked by
                                                          those who are
                                                          sowing doubt? 
                                                          And they
                                                          surely don’t
                                                          make explicit
                                                          claims that
                                                          scientists
                                                          have ignored
                                                          or tried to
                                                          cover up the
                                                          contradictory
                                                          data.  Why
                                                          not?  Because
                                                          they can be
                                                          investigated
                                                          pretty
                                                          easily.  And
                                                          if you look,
                                                          you’ll find
                                                          out that ALL
                                                          of the
                                                          legitimate
                                                          data is being
                                                          used by the
                                                          community, not
                                                          just those
                                                          “convenient”
                                                          datapoints
                                                          that support
                                                          some kind of
                                                          bogus theory.<br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>I used
                                                          Google for
                                                          literally 5
                                                          minutes and
                                                          found these
                                                          pretty
                                                          interesting
                                                          looking
                                                          arguments that
                                                          engage with
                                                          the data, the
                                                          actual data,
                                                          NOT
                                                          ALTERNATIVE
                                                          FACTS, and
                                                          explain that
                                                          it IS being
                                                          used and HOW
                                                          it’s being
                                                          used and WHY.</div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div><a
                                                          rel="nofollow
                                                          noopener
                                                          noreferrer"
                                                          shape="rect"
                                                          href="https://skepticalscience.com/Response-Data-or-Dogma-hearing.html"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://skepticalscience.com/Response-Data-or-Dogma-hearing.html</a></div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div><a
                                                          rel="nofollow
                                                          noopener
                                                          noreferrer"
                                                          shape="rect"
                                                          href="https://skepticalscience.com/print.php?r=466"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://skepticalscience.com/print.php?r=466</a></div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>“What-about-ism”
                                                          is a plague on
                                                          our open
                                                          society and
                                                          rational
                                                          public
                                                          discourse. 
                                                          It’s a problem
                                                          that all you
                                                          need to do to
                                                          cast doubt on
                                                          hard won
                                                          consensus
                                                          after years of
                                                          debate and
                                                          vital
                                                          institutions,
                                                          is to throw
                                                          data that
                                                          seems to
                                                          contradict
                                                          conventional
                                                          wisdom and ask
                                                          questions like
                                                          these:  “What
                                                          about the
                                                          'Latest Global
                                                          Average
                                                          Tropospheric
                                                          Temperatures’
                                                          data set from
                                                          satellites?”</div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>Even I
                                                          experience a
                                                          kind of
                                                          knee-jerk,
                                                          visceral
                                                          response to
                                                          this
                                                          question.  I
                                                          feel myself
                                                          asking,
                                                          “Yeah!  What
                                                          ABOUT that
                                                          contradictory
                                                          data?”  Dang!</div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>You see,
                                                          it’s just too
                                                          easy to cast
                                                          doubt and
                                                          undermine
                                                          confidence
                                                          like this. 
                                                          And it’s
                                                          really,
                                                          freakin hard
                                                          to build
                                                          trust.</div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>Stepping
                                                          back, I notice
                                                          that the
                                                          record of
                                                          scientific
                                                          literature
                                                          DOES consider
                                                          these
                                                          measurements,
                                                          dare I call
                                                          them “facts."
                                                           There are no
                                                          alternative
                                                          facts.  The
                                                          prevailing
                                                          models MUST
                                                          account for
                                                          all
                                                          observations,
                                                          including
                                                          these.  And
                                                          sure enough,
                                                          these very
                                                          datasets are
                                                          clearly
                                                          referenced in
                                                          the
                                                          literature.</div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>Meanwhile,
                                                          notice that
                                                          the opposite
                                                          does NOT
                                                          happen.  In
                                                          other words,
                                                          nowhere in the
                                                          “alternative”
                                                          or
                                                          “pseudoscience”
                                                          world are the
                                                          real academic
                                                          debates on
                                                          these
                                                          supposedly
                                                          “alternative
                                                          facts”
                                                          actually
                                                          referenced. 
                                                          It’s a
                                                          one-sided
                                                          argument where
                                                          science
                                                          engages it’s
                                                          critics but
                                                          it’s critics
                                                          then ignore
                                                          those
                                                          legitimate
                                                          responses to
                                                          their
                                                          attacks.  They
                                                          repeat
                                                          themselves. 
                                                          Or they move
                                                          on.  They
                                                          don’t actually
                                                          debate the
                                                          issue:  they
                                                          just cast
                                                          doubt on the
                                                          entire
                                                          endeavor.</div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>I call
                                                          this “bad
                                                          faith” or
                                                          pseudo-discourse. 
                                                          It’s not, in
                                                          fact, a
                                                          conversation
                                                          at all.</div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>Unfortunately,
                                                          this creates a
                                                          lot of
                                                          collateral
                                                          damage as
                                                          well.  It
                                                          affects our
                                                          confidence and
                                                          public trust
                                                          in EVERYTHING.</div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>SQ</div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          <blockquote
                                                          type="cite">
                                                          <div>On Jul
                                                          21, 2022, at
                                                          12:15 PM,
                                                          Jerry Harris
                                                          <<a
                                                          rel="nofollow
                                                          noopener
                                                          noreferrer"
                                                          shape="rect"
                                                          href="mailto:jerryharri@gmail.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">jerryharri@gmail.com</a>>
                                                          wrote:</div>
                                                          <br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div dir="ltr">Peter, 
                                                          <div>I
                                                          disagree. The
                                                          climate change
                                                          debate shows
                                                          us that
                                                          alternative
                                                          facts have
                                                          been created
                                                          and used to
                                                          support
                                                          pre-determined
                                                          conclusions.
                                                          The latest
                                                          example
                                                          recently
                                                          shared on this
                                                          list was that
                                                          global warming
                                                          is on "pause"
                                                          and CO2
                                                          increase is
                                                          not the cause
                                                          of climate
                                                          change. (<a
                                                          rel="nofollow
                                                          noopener
                                                          noreferrer"
                                                          shape="rect"
                                                          href="https://www.drroyspencer.com/latest-global-temperatures/"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://www.drroyspencer.com/latest-global-temperatures/</a>)</div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>Even in
                                                          situations
                                                          where the
                                                          facts are
                                                          agreed upon by
                                                          all parties,
                                                          there can be
                                                          plenty of
                                                          alternative
                                                          conclusions.
                                                          Sometimes
                                                          these are
                                                          positive and
                                                          progressive,
                                                          eg, the
                                                          scientific
                                                          method where a
                                                          new theory is
                                                          proposed based
                                                          on existing
                                                          data.
                                                          Sometimes
                                                          there is
                                                          incorrect or
                                                          flawed
                                                          reasoning
                                                          (e.g.,
                                                          stupidity)
                                                          that is used
                                                          to reach a
                                                          different
                                                          conclusion.
                                                          And sometimes,
                                                          there are
                                                          belief- or
                                                          ideologically-driven
                                                          conclusions
                                                          where the data
                                                          and reasoning
                                                          chain only
                                                          serves as
                                                          means to an
                                                          end. </div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>This gets
                                                          me back to
                                                          conspiracy
                                                          theorists.
                                                          Dismissing
                                                          them as either
                                                          "stupid" or
                                                          "fact-deprived"
                                                          ignores the
                                                          harm they can
                                                          cause through
                                                          disinformation
                                                          amplification
                                                          and
                                                          brainwashing. </div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>I know
                                                          this is
                                                          typical
                                                          over-thinking
                                                          of a simple
                                                          cartoon, but
                                                          this is why I
                                                          feel the
                                                          cartoon is
                                                          timelessly
                                                          funny, IMO. </div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>Jerry</div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div dir="ltr">On
                                                          Thu, Jul 21,
                                                          2022 at 11:21
                                                          AM <<a
                                                          rel="nofollow
                                                          noopener
                                                          noreferrer"
                                                          shape="rect"
                                                          href="mailto:palbin24@yahoo.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">palbin24@yahoo.com</a>>
                                                          wrote:<br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <blockquote
                                                          style="margin:0px
                                                          0px 0px
                                                          0.8ex;border-left:1px
                                                          solid
                                                          rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                                                          <div>Fortunately
                                                          in science
                                                          “alternate
                                                          facts” do not
                                                          exist.<br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          <br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          <div dir="ltr">Peter</div>
                                                          <div dir="ltr"><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          <blockquote
                                                          type="cite">On
                                                          Jul 21, 2022,
                                                          at 11:11 AM, <a
                                                          rel="nofollow
                                                          noopener
                                                          noreferrer"
                                                          shape="rect"
                                                          href="mailto:carllazarus@comcast.net"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">carllazarus@comcast.net</a>
                                                          wrote:<br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          <br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          </blockquote>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <blockquote
                                                          type="cite">
                                                          <div dir="ltr">
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p>Facts don’t
                                                          matter to
                                                          conspiracy
                                                          theorists.</p>
                                                          <p> </p>
                                                          <div
style="border-right:none;border-bottom:none;border-left:none;border-top:1pt
                                                          solid
                                                          rgb(225,225,225);padding:3pt
                                                          0in 0in">
                                                          <p><b>From:</b>
                                                          LCTG
                                                          <lctg-bounces+carllazarus=<a
                                                          rel="nofollow
                                                          noopener
                                                          noreferrer"
                                                          shape="rect"
                                                          href="mailto:comcast.net@lists.toku.us"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">comcast.net@lists.toku.us</a>>
                                                          <b>On Behalf
                                                          Of </b>Jerry
                                                          Harris<br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          <b>Sent:</b>
                                                          Thursday, July
                                                          21, 2022 8:30
                                                          AM<br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          <b>To:</b>
                                                          john rudy <<a
                                                          rel="nofollow
                                                          noopener
                                                          noreferrer"
                                                          shape="rect"
                                                          href="mailto:jjrudy1@comcast.net"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">jjrudy1@comcast.net</a>><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          <b>Cc:</b> Lex
                                                          Computer Group
                                                          <<a
                                                          rel="nofollow
                                                          noopener
                                                          noreferrer"
                                                          shape="rect"
                                                          href="mailto:LCTG@lists.toku.us"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">LCTG@lists.toku.us</a>><br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          <b>Subject:</b>
                                                          Re: [Lex
                                                          Computer &
                                                          Tech
                                                          Group/LCTG]
                                                          science</p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <p> </p>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p>If only
                                                          conspiracy
                                                          theories or
                                                          disinformation
                                                          campaigns
                                                          could be so
                                                          easily refuted
                                                          with facts. </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <p> </p>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p>On Wed, Jul
                                                          20, 2022 at
                                                          10:58 AM john
                                                          rudy <<a
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                                                          wrote:</p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <blockquote
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                                                          </div>
                                                          <p>===============================================<br
                                                          clear="none">
                                                          ::The
                                                          Lexington
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                                                          <span>===============================================</span><br
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                                                          <span>::The
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===============================================<br clear="none">
                                                          ::The
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                                            <span>===============================================</span><br
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                                            <span>::The Lexington
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      <pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">===============================================
::The Lexington Computer and Technology Group Mailing List::
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Future and Past meeting information: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://LCTG.toku.us">http://LCTG.toku.us</a>
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