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<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">Great find, Ted.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">I found a simpler presentation on the subject, in a recent edition of the MIT News. I think that's the version I'd go with for the potpourri.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><a href="https://news.mit.edu/2025/deploying-practical-solution-space-debris-0514%20and%20data%20sharing." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://news.mit.edu/2025/deploying-practical-solution-space-debris-0514%20and%20data%20sharing.</a> </div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">This would be in addition to the MIT article about the effects of climate change on the persistence of space junk:</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><a href="https://news.mit.edu/2025/study-climate-change-will-reduce-number-satellites-safely-orbit-space-0310" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://news.mit.edu/2025/study-climate-change-will-reduce-number-satellites-safely-orbit-space-0310</a> </div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><span style="white-space: unset;">If you have additional details, your input at the potpourri would be welcomed.</span></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">-- Bob Primak </div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div><br></div>
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On Friday, May 16, 2025 at 02:15:15 PM EDT, Ted Kochanski via LCTG <lctg@lists.toku.us> wrote:
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<div><div id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946"><div dir="ltr">A recent MIT News highlights a recent review paper [open access] on a rating system for new space [potential debris]<div><br></div><div><div id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-publication" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px 0px 12px; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(240, 240, 240); width: 621px; min-height: 106px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierSans, Arial, Helvetica, Roboto, Sans Sans UI STIXGeneral, Unicode sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-Publication"><div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;min-width:60px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-publication-brand ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-display-block-from-sm"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/acta-astronautica" title="Go to Acta Astronautica on ScienceDirect" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(2, 114, 177); line-height: 24px; text-decoration-line: none;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-display-flex ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor-primary" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor-text-container"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor-text"><img src="https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/prod/17e1430dd66f5766c3438b259fcb6c12ac811222/image/elsevier-non-solus.svg" alt="Elsevier" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-style: none; width: auto; max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; min-height: 88px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-publication-brand-image" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true"></span></span></a></div><div style="margin:auto;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;max-width:500px;text-align:center;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-publication-volume ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-text-center"><h2 id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-publication-title" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-weight:normal;font-size:24px;line-height:32px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-publication-title ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-h3"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/acta-astronautica" title="Go to Acta Astronautica on ScienceDirect" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); line-height: 32px; text-decoration-line: none; outline-width: 0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor-secondary ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-publication-title-link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor-text-container"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-bottom:2px solid rgb(235,101,0);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor-text">Acta Astronautica</span></span></a></h2><div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-text-xs"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/acta-astronautica/vol/232/suppl/C" title="Go to table of contents for this volume/issue" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(2, 114, 177); line-height: 22px; text-decoration-line: none;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor-primary" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor-text-container"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor-text">Volume 232</span></span></a>, July 2025, Pages 622-632</div></div><div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;min-width:60px;vertical-align:top;text-align:right;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-publication-cover ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-display-block-from-sm"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/acta-astronautica/vol/232/suppl/C" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(2, 114, 177); line-height: 24px; text-decoration-line: none;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-display-flex ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor-primary" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor-text-container"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-anchor-text"><img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0094576525X2004X-cov150h.gif" alt="Acta Astronautica" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(184, 184, 184); width: auto; max-width: 100%; display: block;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-publication-cover-image" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true" data-id="1747421174122"></span></span></a></div></div><h1 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border-radius: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; color: rgb(31, 31, 31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-secondary ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-underline"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text-container"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-bottom:0.8px solid rgb(31,31,31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-alternative-link"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-given-name">Stijn</span> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-text ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-surname">Lemmens</span> </span><span id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-baff2" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-author-ref"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">b</span></span></span></span></button>, <button style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; border-radius: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; color: rgb(31, 31, 31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-secondary ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-underline"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text-container"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-bottom:0.8px solid rgb(31,31,31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-alternative-link"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-given-name">Moriba</span> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-text ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-surname">Jah</span> </span><span id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-baff3" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-author-ref"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">c</span></span></span></span></button>, <button style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; border-radius: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; color: rgb(31, 31, 31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-secondary ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-underline"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text-container"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-bottom:0.8px solid rgb(31,31,31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-alternative-link"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-given-name">Simon</span> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-text ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-surname">Potter</span> </span><span id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-baff4" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-author-ref"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">d</span></span></span></span></button>, <button style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; border-radius: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; color: rgb(31, 31, 31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-secondary ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-underline"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text-container"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-bottom:0.8px solid rgb(31,31,31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-alternative-link"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-given-name">Nikolai</span> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-text ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-surname">Khlystov</span> </span><span id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-baff5" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-author-ref"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">e</span></span></span></span></button>, <button style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; border-radius: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; color: rgb(31, 31, 31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-secondary ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-underline"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text-container"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-bottom:0.8px solid rgb(31,31,31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-alternative-link"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-given-name">Kristi</span> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-text ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-surname">Acuff</span> </span><span id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-baff1" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-author-ref"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">a</span></span></span></span></button>, <button style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; border-radius: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; color: rgb(31, 31, 31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-secondary ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-underline"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text-container"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-bottom:0.8px solid rgb(31,31,31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-alternative-link"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-given-name">Miles</span> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-text ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-surname">Lifson</span> </span><span id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-baff6" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-author-ref"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">f</span></span></span></span></button>, <button style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; border-radius: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; color: rgb(31, 31, 31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-secondary ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-underline"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text-container"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-bottom:0.8px solid rgb(31,31,31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-alternative-link"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-given-name">Scott</span> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-text ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-surname">Dorrington</span> </span><span id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-baff1" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-author-ref"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">a</span></span></span></span></button>, <button style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; border-radius: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; color: rgb(31, 31, 31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-secondary ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-underline"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text-container"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-bottom:0.8px solid rgb(31,31,31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-alternative-link"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-given-name">Sina</span> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-text ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-surname">Es haghi</span> </span><span id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-baff1" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-author-ref"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">a</span></span></span></span></button>, <button style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; border-radius: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; color: rgb(31, 31, 31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-secondary ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-underline"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text-container"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-bottom:0.8px solid rgb(31,31,31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-alternative-link"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-given-name">Emmanuelle</span> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-text ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-surname">David</span> </span><span id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-baff7" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-author-ref"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">g</span></span></span></span></button>, <button style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; border-radius: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; color: rgb(31, 31, 31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-secondary ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-underline"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text-container"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-bottom:0.8px solid rgb(31,31,31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-alternative-link"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-given-name">Jean-Paul</span> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-text ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-surname">Kneib</span> </span><span id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-baff7" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-author-ref"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">g</span></span></span></span></button>, <button style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; border-radius: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; color: rgb(31, 31, 31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-secondary ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-underline"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text-container"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-bottom:0.8px solid rgb(31,31,31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-alternative-link"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-given-name">Danielle</span> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-text ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-surname">Wood</span> </span><span id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-baff1" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-author-ref"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">a</span></span></span></span></button><dl style="margin:22px 0px 0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(112,112,112);vertical-align:top;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-affiliation"><dt style="margin:0px;padding:0px;clear:left;float:left;width:2.3em;text-align:right;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">a</span></dt><dd style="margin:0px 0px 0px 3em;padding:0px;">Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States</dd></dl><dl style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(112,112,112);vertical-align:top;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-affiliation"><dt style="margin:0px;padding:0px;clear:left;float:left;width:2.3em;text-align:right;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">b</span></dt><dd style="margin:0px 0px 0px 3em;padding:0px;">European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2201, AZ, Noordwijk, the Netherlands</dd></dl><dl style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(112,112,112);vertical-align:top;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-affiliation"><dt style="margin:0px;padding:0px;clear:left;float:left;width:2.3em;text-align:right;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">c</span></dt><dd style="margin:0px 0px 0px 3em;padding:0px;">Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, 201 E 24th St, Room 3.446, Austin, TX, 78712, United States</dd></dl><dl style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(112,112,112);vertical-align:top;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-affiliation"><dt style="margin:0px;padding:0px;clear:left;float:left;width:2.3em;text-align:right;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">d</span></dt><dd style="margin:0px 0px 0px 3em;padding:0px;">BryceTech, One Ground Floor 3 London Square, Cross Lanes, Guildford, Surrey, England, United Kingdom</dd></dl><dl style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(112,112,112);vertical-align:top;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-affiliation"><dt style="margin:0px;padding:0px;clear:left;float:left;width:2.3em;text-align:right;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">e</span></dt><dd style="margin:0px 0px 0px 3em;padding:0px;">World Economic Forum, Rte de la Capite 91/93, 1223, Cologny, Switzerland</dd></dl><dl style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(112,112,112);vertical-align:top;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-affiliation"><dt style="margin:0px;padding:0px;clear:left;float:left;width:2.3em;text-align:right;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">f</span></dt><dd style="margin:0px 0px 0px 3em;padding:0px;">The Aerospace Corporation, 2011 Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA, 22202, United States</dd></dl><dl style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(112,112,112);vertical-align:top;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-affiliation"><dt style="margin:0px;padding:0px;clear:left;float:left;width:2.3em;text-align:right;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline;">g</span></dt><dd style="margin:0px 0px 0px 3em;padding:0px;">École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) eSpace, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland</dd></dl></div></div><p style="margin:0px 0px 16px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-margin-s-bottom">Received 27 March 2025, Accepted 28 March 2025, Available online 3 April 2025, Version of Record 10 April 2025.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 16px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-margin-s-bottom"><button style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; border-radius: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; color: rgb(31, 31, 31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-secondary ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-icon-left ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-underline"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text-container"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-bottom:0.8px solid rgb(31,31,31);" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-button-link-text">What do these dates mean?</span></span></button></p><button title="Check for 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sans-serif;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-Abstracts ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-font-serif"><div id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-abs0015" lang="en" style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:32px 32px 16px;background-color:rgb(245,245,245);max-width:680px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-abstract ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-author-highlights"><h2 style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;font-weight:normal;font-size:20px;line-height:30px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-section-title ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-h4 ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-margin-l-top ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-margin-xs-bottom">Highlights</h2><div id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-abssec0015" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;"><div id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-abspara0015" style="margin:0px 0px 16px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-margin-s-bottom"><ul style="margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-list"><li style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-list-item"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:right;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-list-label">•</span><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;min-width:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-list-content"><div id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-p0010" style="margin:0px 0px 16px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-margin-s-bottom">The growing number of human-made space objects increases collision and debris risks.</div></span></li><li style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-list-item"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:right;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-list-label"><a href="https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/271447/1-s2.0-S0094576525X2004X/1-s2.0-S0094576525001900/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEJL%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIAsJ%2BapqvYrH5yufUAJ494Bx%2FqZiCAd%2Fi8bV9PRjVdn0AiEA8SIZ%2F2hCO1Eo7kyriOyf0kKsNzqfPOQcd1u429%2FYYDwqsgUISxAFGgwwNTkwMDM1NDY4NjUiDHRN7xHsquXTXyMxqiqPBUtVIWZ6%2F3qtEDh%2F8661b%2FCWIwW7csp%2FXprLuWzq8JtJeeV%2B%2F2qQaCT6qzGpij3tM8qtil2lvEVOIW0yqXfL2C5NW8PYkiutNw7t6oNsXPyrt7LgRQ4Swpelj2Kwb%2FvBnEdhW3FpNRw61XsWzZbaWroHtwUmV4ZIKjHv%2FJrp0aWKEjWHohwHf69g7a9CcFh0GthTGwp%2BxKaL0NAUIepMDGTEzYpa%2Blpc1%2BgvuCcG6nWjLxO1DZb91TmYis36%2Frt2cGS%2BI89OcqQ7otR%2FEW3nlQjZXoW%2BvPam9m28kSWdHck4qLM9IOzin79yMsdkEf5RbDIV2HB1AljmpQ4Tn%2F1fvvKSHJYDgINTgF%2FfXzaaIWml0frfht76xY4Jcj9ijHXJhExmdj0PP2Ho2sp6vOWy5EYotoD6rMsxBeAKAuShRQCgY5rYYqVNdf5SNeD8BC%2FckAfTOQ74viWn2wYvtH3KmUSGESYml5SBrerBMpyykFdIwHaksbKkH%2BdQElNLzLaxOK3TTSwXtFKVHVY4vkdrYabVnmYvNaul4yqQOpQoXu42g8yauGzDuJBfJSyYkCINuiRWDef%2B3lujmyotYio5TqHhi5Ti1LGN%2Fbk1%2ByvtDEmUnAOHYk6mL0tFYboznCLhPyODHRnEokLrkGgVuJ0K2HHzHyzNnDgNNKkNeu4iyaqsSUCw0jL9HHTWV6dOu1B9V%2BPSBxj7BTpZoMJU5V7nwERVP4kqIRRQMYsN%2Bfuqo347POvk4gGq%2FUuUqvg95jyHSkX0fBhBwq1j6GZ2ZS5r663StBHUt9qUQDSi5f8NzS7m1ABwcZPjeAXbl%2Fu9dfAO%2B4riCVesKJPucXXvZiMfww6e%2FQgGct7WunrQ9bTJkK0wmvWdwQY6sQGHOpYVikCwNH2b46xX2TuHn2IpdNakIwJEbtofkFi8EwO%2FmVeWTLJhDbcPPpuCi6T43rKIDOh3NZDrJPC1Viv%2FAcCPnhk9VxKb309ouSUrYpVMR9r7p259ByjYsnHilYlXMybvPnKoXRDRzuvS9Lcaw6om9OX2OlnsPKUI%2BpSCTO%2FZ1o6Tlk4OY03DyNPbAY30Dn5nJxnxlf4Qy3aLUv6GmZKE2tRYkl3srXCZlFaFrvs%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20250516T180821Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTYZPEIFDG4%2F20250516%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=6388579bdeef9fdcd1100e03a78dfdd7d06a9a8f47f3eebddc650d90e88ef4cc&hash=386d3f2366b4dc38be1671494c6f58127625cc0a3812f2cb1f116600f81194f9&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S0094576525001900&tid=spdf-fe82b733-594c-4daf-afe7-641b4ba6f555&sid=eac7b1fb89107140ce5b17a5695d0d262b8egxrqa&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&ua=0f155b5152040652065b51&rr=940cd1e41a4d9062&cc=us" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SSR </a>•</span><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;min-width:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-list-content"><div id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-p0015" style="margin:0px 0px 16px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-margin-s-bottom">Operators should be incentivized to follow guidelines and limit space debris.</div></span></li><li style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-list-item"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:right;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-list-label">•</span><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;min-width:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-list-content"><div id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-p0020" style="margin:0px 0px 16px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-margin-s-bottom">Actions can be taken to reduce space debris in each phase of a space mission.</div></span></li><li style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-list-item"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:right;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-list-label">•</span><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;min-width:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-list-content"><div id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-p0025" style="margin:0px 0px 16px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-margin-s-bottom">Space Sustainability Rating, a non-profit, evaluates mission debris creation risks.</div></span></li><li style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-react-xocs-list-item"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:right;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-list-label">•</span><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;min-width:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-list-content"><div id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-p0030" style="margin:0px 0px 16px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-margin-s-bottom">SSR evaluates missions in six areas that measure the impact on the space environment.</div></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-abs0010" lang="en" style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-abstract ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-author"><h2 style="margin:32px 0px 8px;padding:0px;font-weight:normal;font-size:20px;line-height:30px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-section-title ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-h4 ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-margin-l-top ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-margin-xs-bottom">Abstract</h2><div id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-abssec0010" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;"><div id="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-abspara0010" style="margin:0px 0px 16px;padding:0px;" class="ydpd3ee9f60yiv1566149946gmail-u-margin-s-bottom">The rapid growth in satellite deployments, particularly with the emergence of large constellations, has amplified concerns over the sustainability of the orbital environment. Space mission operators can utilize different mechanisms during the design and operation of their missions to adhere to space sustainability best practices. This paper presents the Space Sustainability Rating (SSR), a novel initiative developed to incentivize satellite operators to adopt sustainable practices throughout mission lifecycles, and provides an overview of its history, design, and implementation. The SSR is a composite indicator that evaluates missions across multiple dimensions, including debris mitigation, collision avoidance, and data-sharing practices, providing operators with actionable feedback and recognition for their contributions to space sustainability. Drawing on methodologies from successful sustainability rating systems in other industries, such as LEED, the SSR combines simulations, questionnaires, and evidence verification to assess compliance with best sustainable practices. The rating framework is structured into six main modules, complemented by an overarching verification module, and is applicable across all mission phases. This paper discusses the challenges addressed by the SSR, its alignment with international debris mitigation guidelines, and its role in fostering voluntary sustainable behavior among space operators.</div></div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/271447/1-s2.0-S0094576525X2004X/1-s2.0-S0094576525001900/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEJL%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIAsJ%2BapqvYrH5yufUAJ494Bx%2FqZiCAd%2Fi8bV9PRjVdn0AiEA8SIZ%2F2hCO1Eo7kyriOyf0kKsNzqfPOQcd1u429%2FYYDwqsgUISxAFGgwwNTkwMDM1NDY4NjUiDHRN7xHsquXTXyMxqiqPBUtVIWZ6%2F3qtEDh%2F8661b%2FCWIwW7csp%2FXprLuWzq8JtJeeV%2B%2F2qQaCT6qzGpij3tM8qtil2lvEVOIW0yqXfL2C5NW8PYkiutNw7t6oNsXPyrt7LgRQ4Swpelj2Kwb%2FvBnEdhW3FpNRw61XsWzZbaWroHtwUmV4ZIKjHv%2FJrp0aWKEjWHohwHf69g7a9CcFh0GthTGwp%2BxKaL0NAUIepMDGTEzYpa%2Blpc1%2BgvuCcG6nWjLxO1DZb91TmYis36%2Frt2cGS%2BI89OcqQ7otR%2FEW3nlQjZXoW%2BvPam9m28kSWdHck4qLM9IOzin79yMsdkEf5RbDIV2HB1AljmpQ4Tn%2F1fvvKSHJYDgINTgF%2FfXzaaIWml0frfht76xY4Jcj9ijHXJhExmdj0PP2Ho2sp6vOWy5EYotoD6rMsxBeAKAuShRQCgY5rYYqVNdf5SNeD8BC%2FckAfTOQ74viWn2wYvtH3KmUSGESYml5SBrerBMpyykFdIwHaksbKkH%2BdQElNLzLaxOK3TTSwXtFKVHVY4vkdrYabVnmYvNaul4yqQOpQoXu42g8yauGzDuJBfJSyYkCINuiRWDef%2B3lujmyotYio5TqHhi5Ti1LGN%2Fbk1%2ByvtDEmUnAOHYk6mL0tFYboznCLhPyODHRnEokLrkGgVuJ0K2HHzHyzNnDgNNKkNeu4iyaqsSUCw0jL9HHTWV6dOu1B9V%2BPSBxj7BTpZoMJU5V7nwERVP4kqIRRQMYsN%2Bfuqo347POvk4gGq%2FUuUqvg95jyHSkX0fBhBwq1j6GZ2ZS5r663StBHUt9qUQDSi5f8NzS7m1ABwcZPjeAXbl%2Fu9dfAO%2B4riCVesKJPucXXvZiMfww6e%2FQgGct7WunrQ9bTJkK0wmvWdwQY6sQGHOpYVikCwNH2b46xX2TuHn2IpdNakIwJEbtofkFi8EwO%2FmVeWTLJhDbcPPpuCi6T43rKIDOh3NZDrJPC1Viv%2FAcCPnhk9VxKb309ouSUrYpVMR9r7p259ByjYsnHilYlXMybvPnKoXRDRzuvS9Lcaw6om9OX2OlnsPKUI%2BpSCTO%2FZ1o6Tlk4OY03DyNPbAY30Dn5nJxnxlf4Qy3aLUv6GmZKE2tRYkl3srXCZlFaFrvs%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20250516T180821Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTYZPEIFDG4%2F20250516%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=6388579bdeef9fdcd1100e03a78dfdd7d06a9a8f47f3eebddc650d90e88ef4cc&hash=386d3f2366b4dc38be1671494c6f58127625cc0a3812f2cb1f116600f81194f9&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S0094576525001900&tid=spdf-fe82b733-594c-4daf-afe7-641b4ba6f555&sid=eac7b1fb89107140ce5b17a5695d0d262b8egxrqa&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&ua=0f155b5152040652065b51&rr=940cd1e41a4d9062&cc=us" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SSR</a><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Ted</div><div><br></div></div>
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