<div dir="ltr">Not very practical for general use<div><br></div><div>You can make terrain surface maps -- see Tomahawk Land Attack Missile -- it can't be jammed either and we recently saw the level of precision which is possible</div><div><br></div><div>But you need the maps before you go Tomahawking</div><div><br></div><div>There was even a recent test using Ground Penetrating Radar to navigate an autonomous land vehicle</div><div><br></div><div>Same thing is true about measuring gravity or the magnetic field and using it for navigating -- you need the maps</div><div><br></div><div>Crude calculations will only get you crude positioning</div><div><br></div><div>By the way in 1953 Charles Stark Draper was a passenger in a Coast to Coast flight [Hanscom to LA] navigated only by 1950's IMU technology</div><div><br></div><div>The first working implementation of "inertial navigation" for a cross-country trip was completed with Space Inertial Reference Equipment (SPIRE). SPIRE guided the first coast-to-coast airplane flight without the use of a pilot.</div><div><a href="https://www.draper.com/about/history">https://www.draper.com/about/history</a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><a href="https://youtu.be/ClJ6onvxKqs?si=5wGTyHPxwYhBSSUw">https://youtu.be/ClJ6onvxKqs?si=5wGTyHPxwYhBSSUw</a></div><div><br></div><div><div id="gmail-title" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;color:rgb(15,15,15);font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif"><h1 class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;word-break:break-word;line-height:2.8rem;overflow:hidden;max-height:5.6rem;display:-webkit-box;text-overflow:ellipsis"><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" title="SPIRE, Space Intertial Reference Equipment" style=""><font size="4">SPIRE, Space Inertial Reference Equipment</font></span></h1></div><div id="gmail-top-row" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="padding:0px;border:0px;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;display:flex;color:rgb(15,15,15);font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10px"><div id="gmail-owner" class="gmail-item gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="margin:12px 12px 0px 0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex"><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="min-width:0px;display:flex"><a class="gmail-yt-simple-endpoint gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-video-owner-renderer" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.youtube.com/@DraperLab" style="display:inline-block;text-decoration-line:none;color:rgb(15,15,15)"><span id="gmail-avatar" width="40" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-video-owner-renderer gmail-no-transition" alt="Draper" style="display:inline-block;opacity:1;margin-right:12px;width:40px;height:40px;border-radius:50%;background-color:transparent;overflow:hidden"><img id="gmail-img" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-yt-img-shadow" alt="" width="40" src="https://yt3.ggpht.com/ytc/AIdro_kMaIeXcOQyQysnkT8uJJToLfX0T0--MhPzFmE9Lg8Tyog=s88-c-k-c0x00ffffff-no-rj" style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; background: transparent; display: block; max-height: none; max-width: 100%; border-radius: 0px;"></span></a><div id="gmail-upload-info" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-video-owner-renderer" style="margin:0px 24px 0px 0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;overflow:hidden;display:flex"><span id="gmail-channel-name" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-video-owner-renderer" style="display:flex;max-width:100%;font-size:1.6rem;line-height:2.2rem"><div id="gmail-container" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-channel-name" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;max-width:100%"><div id="gmail-text-container" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-channel-name" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent"><span id="gmail-text" title="Draper" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-channel-name gmail-complex-string" dir="auto" style="display:flex;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;white-space:pre;word-break:break-word;font-size:16px;line-height:22px"><a class="gmail-yt-simple-endpoint gmail-style-scope gmail-yt-formatted-string" href="https://www.youtube.com/@DraperLab" style="display:inline;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;text-decoration-color:rgb(15,15,15);color:rgb(15,15,15);word-break:break-word;padding-right:0.1em;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis">Draper</a></span></div><span aria-hidden="true" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-channel-name" role="tooltip" tabindex="-1" aria-label="tooltip" style="display:inline;outline:none"></span></div></span><span id="gmail-owner-sub-count" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-video-owner-renderer" aria-label="818 subscribers" style="color:rgb(96,96,96);margin-right:4px;font-size:1.2rem;line-height:1.8rem;overflow:hidden;max-height:1.8rem;display:-webkit-box;text-overflow:ellipsis"> </span></div></span></div><div id="gmail-actions" class="gmail-item gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="margin:12px 0px 0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex"><div id="gmail-actions-inner" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:flex;width:730px"><div id="gmail-menu" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent"><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="display:flex;width:730px;max-height:36px;overflow-y:hidden;padding:4px"><div id="gmail-top-level-buttons-computed" class="gmail-top-level-buttons gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="margin:0px 0px 4px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:flex"><span class="gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:8px"><span class="gmail-yt-spec-button-view-model gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="display:flex"><button class="gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--tonal gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--mono gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--size-m gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--icon-leading gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--enable-backdrop-filter-experiment" title="Share" aria-label="Share" aria-disabled="false" style="margin:0px;min-width:0px;font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;line-height:36px;border-width:initial;border-style:none;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05);display:flex;padding:0px 16px;height:36px;border-radius:18px;color:rgb(15,15,15)"><span style="border-radius:inherit"><br><div aria-hidden="true" class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape--touch-response" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:inline-block;border-radius:inherit"><div class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape__fill" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:rgb(0,0,0);opacity:0;border-radius:inherit"></div></div></span></button></span></span></div><div id="gmail-flexible-item-buttons" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent"><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="margin-left:8px"><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-download-button-renderer" style="display:inline-block"><span style="display:flex"><button class="gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--tonal gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--mono gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--size-m gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--icon-leading gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--enable-backdrop-filter-experiment" aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Download" title="" style="margin:0px;min-width:0px;font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;line-height:36px;border-width:initial;border-style:none;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05);display:flex;padding:0px 16px;height:36px;border-radius:18px;color:rgb(15,15,15)"><span style="border-radius:inherit"><br><div aria-hidden="true" class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape--touch-response" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:inline-block;border-radius:inherit"><div class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape__fill" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:rgb(0,0,0);opacity:0;border-radius:inherit"></div></div></span></button></span><span role="tooltip" tabindex="-1" aria-label="tooltip" style="display:block;outline:none"></span></span></span><span class="gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:8px"><span class="gmail-yt-spec-button-view-model gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="display:flex"><button class="gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--tonal gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--mono gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--size-m gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--icon-leading gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--enable-backdrop-filter-experiment" title="Save" aria-label="Save to playlist" aria-disabled="false" style="margin:0px;min-width:0px;font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;line-height:36px;border-width:initial;border-style:none;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05);display:flex;padding:0px 16px;height:36px;border-radius:18px;color:rgb(15,15,15)"><span style="border-radius:inherit"></span></button></span></span></div><span id="gmail-button-shape" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="display:flex;margin-left:8px"><button class="gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--tonal gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--mono gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--size-m gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--icon-button gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--enable-backdrop-filter-experiment" title="" aria-label="More actions" style="margin:0px;min-width:0px;font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;line-height:36px;border-width:initial;border-style:none;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05);display:flex;padding:0px;height:36px;border-radius:18px;width:36px;color:rgb(15,15,15)"><br><span style="border-radius:inherit"><div aria-hidden="true" class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape--touch-response" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:inline-block;border-radius:inherit"><div class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape__fill" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:rgb(0,0,0);opacity:0;border-radius:inherit"></div></div></span></button></span></span></div></div></div></div><div id="gmail-bottom-row" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="padding:0px;border:0px;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;display:flex;color:rgb(15,15,15);font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif"><div id="gmail-description" class="gmail-item gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="margin:12px 12px 0px 0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:none 0% 0%/auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0,0,0,0.05);box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:12px;line-height:2rem"><div id="gmail-description-inner" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="margin:12px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent"><span id="gmail-ytd-watch-info-text" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="display:inline-flex;vertical-align:top;width:1448px"><div id="gmail-info-container" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-info-text" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;overflow:hidden;display:inline-flex;width:1448px;vertical-align:top"><div id="gmail-view-count" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-info-text" aria-label="" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:inline-flex;white-space:pre"><span class="gmail-animated-rolling-number-wiz gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-info-text" dir="ltr" aria-hidden="true" style="line-height:2rem;display:flex;overflow:hidden"></span></div><div id="gmail-date-text" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-info-text" aria-label="" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:inline-flex;white-space:pre"><span class="gmail-animated-rolling-number-wiz gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-info-text" dir="ltr" aria-hidden="true" style="line-height:2rem;display:flex;overflow:hidden"></span></div><span id="gmail-info" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-info-text" style="white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span dir="auto" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-yt-formatted-string gmail-bold" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent">1,026 views</span><span dir="auto" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-yt-formatted-string gmail-bold" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent">  </span><span dir="auto" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-yt-formatted-string gmail-bold" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent">Jun 5, 2014</span></span></div></span><span id="gmail-description-inline-expander" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="display:block;overflow:hidden;line-height:2rem"><div id="expanded" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-text-inline-expander" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent"><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-text-inline-expander" style=""><span class="gmail-yt-core-attributed-string gmail-yt-core-attributed-string--white-space-pre-wrap" dir="auto" role="text" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent"><span class="gmail-yt-core-attributed-string--link-inherit-color" dir="auto" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;color:rgb(19,19,19)">This video about the Space Inertial Reference Equipment (SPIRE) was produced by the U.S. Air Force in the 1950s. SPIRE was designed by Doc Draper's Instrumentation Laboratory; it guided the first coast-to-coast airplane flight without the aid of a pilot in 1953—the first working implementation of "inertial navigation" for a cross-country trip.</span></span></span></div></span></div></div></div></div><div><br></div><div>Note that there was a pilot on board for emergency maneuvers and take-off and landing</div><div><br></div><div>another Youtube</div><div><a href="https://youtu.be/SqjGK1VYfwM?si=izZUlLSp6dkV3fWY">https://youtu.be/SqjGK1VYfwM?si=izZUlLSp6dkV3fWY</a></div><div><br></div><div><h1 class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="color:rgb(15,15,15);font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;background:transparent;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;word-break:break-word;line-height:2.8rem;overflow:hidden;max-height:5.6rem;display:-webkit-box;text-overflow:ellipsis"><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" title="How Inertial Navigation Changed Air, Sea & Space Travel for Ever?"><font size="4">How Inertial Navigation Changed Air, Sea & Space Travel for Ever?</font></span></h1></div><div><div id="gmail-top-row" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="padding:0px;border:0px;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;display:flex;color:rgb(15,15,15);font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif"><div id="gmail-owner" class="gmail-item gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="margin:12px 12px 0px 0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex"><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="min-width:0px;display:flex"><a class="gmail-yt-simple-endpoint gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-video-owner-renderer" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.youtube.com/@CuriousDroid" style="display:inline-block;text-decoration-line:none;color:rgb(15,15,15)"><span id="gmail-avatar" width="40" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-video-owner-renderer gmail-no-transition" alt="Curious Droid" style="display:inline-block;opacity:1;margin-right:12px;width:40px;height:40px;border-radius:50%;background-color:transparent;overflow:hidden"><img id="gmail-img" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-yt-img-shadow" alt="" width="40" src="https://yt3.ggpht.com/ytc/AIdro_nbcG5QkLYWkdWKN-5WELij_hDZoLuPPSAaVwMfUnP0Axk=s88-c-k-c0x00ffffff-no-rj" style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; background: transparent; display: block; max-height: none; max-width: 100%; border-radius: 0px;"></span></a><div id="gmail-upload-info" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-video-owner-renderer" style="margin:0px 24px 0px 0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;overflow:hidden;display:flex"><span id="gmail-channel-name" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-video-owner-renderer" style="display:flex;max-width:100%;line-height:2.2rem"><div id="gmail-container" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-channel-name" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;max-width:100%"><div id="gmail-text-container" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-channel-name" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent"><span id="gmail-text" title="Curious Droid" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-channel-name gmail-complex-string" dir="auto" style="display:flex;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;white-space:pre;word-break:break-word;line-height:22px"><a class="gmail-yt-simple-endpoint gmail-style-scope gmail-yt-formatted-string" href="https://www.youtube.com/@CuriousDroid" style="display:inline;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;text-decoration-color:rgb(15,15,15);color:rgb(15,15,15);word-break:break-word;padding-right:0.1em;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis">Curious Droid</a></span></div><span aria-hidden="true" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-channel-name" role="tooltip" tabindex="-1" aria-label="tooltip" style="display:inline;outline:none"></span></div><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-channel-name" style="display:flex;margin-right:0px;vertical-align:baseline"><div class="gmail-badge gmail-badge-style-type-verified gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-badge-supported-renderer gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-badge-supported-renderer" aria-label="Verified" role="img" style="margin:0px 0px 1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 4px;border:0px;background:none;border-radius:2px;line-height:12px;letter-spacing:0.35px"><span size="16" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-badge-supported-renderer" style="display:inline-flex;vertical-align:middle;color:rgb(96,96,96);width:14px;height:14px;margin:0px;padding:0px"><span class="gmail-yt-icon-shape gmail-style-scope gmail-yt-icon gmail-yt-spec-icon-shape" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:flex;width:14px;height:14px"><div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;width:14px;height:14px"><br></div></span></span><p class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-badge-supported-renderer" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:inline"></p></div></span></span></div><div id="gmail-sponsor-button" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-video-owner-renderer" style="font-size:10px;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent"></div><div id="gmail-analytics-button" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-video-owner-renderer" style="font-size:10px;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent"></div></span><div id="gmail-subscribe-button" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="font-size:10px;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent"><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="display:flex"><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-subscribe-button-renderer gmail-smartimation gmail-smartimation--experiment-enabled gmail-smartimation--enable-masking" style="display:block;max-width:100%"><div class="gmail-smartimation__border" style="margin:0px;padding:3px;border:0px;background:transparent;border-radius:22px;overflow:hidden"><span class="gmail-ytLottieComponentHost gmail-smartimation__border-gradient" style="display:block;opacity:0"></span></div></span></span></div></div><div id="gmail-actions" class="gmail-item gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="font-size:10px;margin:12px 0px 0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex"><div id="gmail-actions-inner" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:flex;width:730px"><div id="gmail-menu" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent"><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="display:flex;width:730px;max-height:36px;overflow-y:hidden;padding:4px"><div id="gmail-top-level-buttons-computed" class="gmail-top-level-buttons gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="margin:0px 0px 4px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:flex"><span class="gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:8px"><span class="gmail-yt-spec-button-view-model gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="display:flex"><button class="gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--tonal gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--mono gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--size-m gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--icon-leading gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--enable-backdrop-filter-experiment" title="Share" aria-label="Share" aria-disabled="false" style="margin:0px;min-width:0px;font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;line-height:36px;border-width:initial;border-style:none;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05);display:flex;padding:0px 16px;height:36px;border-radius:18px;color:rgb(15,15,15)"><span style="border-radius:inherit"><div aria-hidden="true" class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape--touch-response" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:inline-block;border-radius:inherit"><div class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape__stroke" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:1px solid rgb(0,0,0);background:transparent;opacity:0;border-radius:inherit"><br></div></div></span></button></span></span></div><div id="gmail-flexible-item-buttons" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent"><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="margin-left:8px"><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-download-button-renderer" style="display:inline-block"><span style="display:flex"><button class="gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--tonal gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--mono gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--size-m gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--icon-leading gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--enable-backdrop-filter-experiment" aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Download" title="" style="margin:0px;min-width:0px;font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;line-height:36px;border-width:initial;border-style:none;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05);display:flex;padding:0px 16px;height:36px;border-radius:18px;color:rgb(15,15,15)"><span style="border-radius:inherit"><div aria-hidden="true" class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape--touch-response" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:inline-block;border-radius:inherit"><div class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape__stroke" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:1px solid rgb(0,0,0);background:transparent;opacity:0;border-radius:inherit"></div><div class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape__fill" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:rgb(0,0,0);opacity:0;border-radius:inherit"></div></div></span></button></span><span role="tooltip" tabindex="-1" aria-label="tooltip" style="display:block;outline:none"></span></span></span><span class="gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:8px"><span class="gmail-yt-spec-button-view-model gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="display:flex"><button class="gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--tonal gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--mono gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--size-m gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--icon-leading gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--enable-backdrop-filter-experiment" title="Clip" aria-label="Clip" aria-disabled="false" style="margin:0px;min-width:0px;font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;line-height:36px;border-width:initial;border-style:none;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05);display:flex;padding:0px 16px;height:36px;border-radius:18px;color:rgb(15,15,15)"><span style="border-radius:inherit"><br><div aria-hidden="true" class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape--touch-response" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:inline-block;border-radius:inherit"><div class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape__fill" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:rgb(0,0,0);opacity:0;border-radius:inherit"></div></div></span></button></span></span><span class="gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:8px"><span class="gmail-yt-spec-button-view-model gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="display:flex"><button class="gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--tonal gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--mono gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--size-m gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--icon-leading gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--enable-backdrop-filter-experiment" title="Save" aria-label="Save to playlist" aria-disabled="false" style="margin:0px;min-width:0px;font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;line-height:36px;border-width:initial;border-style:none;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05);display:flex;padding:0px 16px;height:36px;border-radius:18px;color:rgb(15,15,15)"><div aria-hidden="true" class="gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next__icon" style="padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;line-height:0;width:24px;height:24px"><span style="display:inline-flex;vertical-align:middle;width:24px;height:24px;margin:0px;padding:0px"><span class="gmail-yt-icon-shape gmail-style-scope gmail-yt-icon gmail-yt-spec-icon-shape" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:flex;width:24px;height:24px"><div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;width:24px;height:24px"></div></span></span></div><div class="gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next__button-text-content" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden">Save</div><span style="border-radius:inherit"><div aria-hidden="true" class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape--touch-response" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:inline-block;border-radius:inherit"><div class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape__stroke" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:1px solid rgb(0,0,0);background:transparent;opacity:0;border-radius:inherit"></div><div class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape__fill" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:rgb(0,0,0);opacity:0;border-radius:inherit"></div></div></span></button></span></span></div><span id="gmail-button-shape" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-menu-renderer" style="display:flex;margin-left:8px"><button class="gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--tonal gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--mono gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--size-m gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--icon-button gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next--enable-backdrop-filter-experiment" title="" aria-label="More actions" style="margin:0px;min-width:0px;font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;line-height:36px;border-width:initial;border-style:none;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05);display:flex;padding:0px;height:36px;border-radius:18px;width:36px;color:rgb(15,15,15)"><div class="gmail-yt-spec-button-shape-next__icon" aria-hidden="true" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;line-height:0;width:24px;height:24px"><span style="display:inline-flex;vertical-align:middle;width:24px;height:24px;margin:0px;padding:0px"><span class="gmail-yt-icon-shape gmail-style-scope gmail-yt-icon gmail-yt-spec-icon-shape" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:flex;width:24px;height:24px"><div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;width:24px;height:24px"></div></span></span></div><span style="border-radius:inherit"><div aria-hidden="true" class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape--touch-response" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:inline-block;border-radius:inherit"><div class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape__stroke" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:1px solid rgb(0,0,0);background:transparent;opacity:0;border-radius:inherit"></div><div class="gmail-yt-spec-touch-feedback-shape__fill" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:rgb(0,0,0);opacity:0;border-radius:inherit"></div></div></span></button></span></span></div></div></div></div><div id="gmail-bottom-row" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="padding:0px;border:0px;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;display:flex;color:rgb(15,15,15);font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif"><div id="gmail-description" class="gmail-item gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="margin:12px 12px 0px 0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:none 0% 0%/auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0,0,0,0.05);box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:12px;line-height:2rem"><div id="gmail-description-inner" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="margin:12px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent"><span id="gmail-ytd-watch-info-text" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="display:inline-flex;vertical-align:top;width:1448px"><div id="gmail-info-container" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-info-text" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;overflow:hidden;display:inline-flex;width:1448px;vertical-align:top"><div id="gmail-view-count" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-info-text" aria-label="" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:inline-flex;white-space:pre"><span class="gmail-animated-rolling-number-wiz gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-info-text" dir="ltr" aria-hidden="true" style="line-height:2rem;display:flex;overflow:hidden"></span></div><div id="gmail-date-text" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-info-text" aria-label="" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;display:inline-flex;white-space:pre"><span class="gmail-animated-rolling-number-wiz gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-info-text" dir="ltr" aria-hidden="true" style="line-height:2rem;display:flex;overflow:hidden"></span></div><span id="gmail-info" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-info-text" style="white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span dir="auto" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-yt-formatted-string gmail-bold" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent">371,695 views</span><span dir="auto" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-yt-formatted-string gmail-bold" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent">  </span><span dir="auto" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-yt-formatted-string gmail-bold" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent">Nov 30, 2023</span></span></div></span><span id="gmail-description-inline-expander" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-watch-metadata" style="display:block;overflow:hidden;line-height:2rem"><div id="expanded" class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-text-inline-expander" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent"><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-text-inline-expander" style=""><span class="gmail-yt-core-attributed-string gmail-yt-core-attributed-string--white-space-pre-wrap" dir="auto" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent"><span class="gmail-yt-core-attributed-string--link-inherit-color" dir="auto" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:transparent;color:rgb(19,19,19)">Before Inertial navigation , space travel, long range missles and covert military air mission were very difficult if not impossible. Charles "Doc" Draper created the first Inertial navigation that could guide an aircraft, ship, submarine or space craft without any external signal or references and as such he revolutionised Air, Sea & Space Travel for Ever.</span></span></span></div></span></div></div></div></div><div><br></div><div>SPIRE formed the core of the Draper-designed system which Navigated Apollo to the Moon and Back</div><div><br></div><div>Note: we still use the same Inertial Reference principles -- now digital for navigating </div><div>[Nuclear Submarines, Bombs, Cruise Missiles] [see Midnight Hammer], ICBMs and even drone shows [see Lexington 250]]</div><div><br></div><div>Ted</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Jul 16, 2025 at 4:30 PM Peter Albin via LCTG <<a href="mailto:lctg@lists.toku.us">lctg@lists.toku.us</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Al Levin found the attached article in today's Wall Street Journal.<br>
<br>
Peter<br>
===============================================<br>
::The Lexington Computer and Technology Group Mailing List::<br>
Reply goes to sender only; Reply All to send to list.<br>
Send to the list: <a href="mailto:LCTG@lists.toku.us" target="_blank">LCTG@lists.toku.us</a>      Message archives: <a href="http://lists.toku.us/pipermail/lctg-toku.us/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.toku.us/pipermail/lctg-toku.us/</a><br>
To subscribe: email <a href="mailto:lctg-subscribe@toku.us" target="_blank">lctg-subscribe@toku.us</a>  To unsubscribe: email <a href="mailto:lctg-unsubscribe@toku.us" target="_blank">lctg-unsubscribe@toku.us</a><br>
Future and Past meeting information: <a href="http://LCTG.toku.us" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://LCTG.toku.us</a><br>
List information: <a href="http://lists.toku.us/listinfo.cgi/lctg-toku.us" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.toku.us/listinfo.cgi/lctg-toku.us</a><br>
This message was sent to <a href="mailto:tedpkphd@gmail.com" target="_blank">tedpkphd@gmail.com</a>.<br>
Set your list options: <a href="http://lists.toku.us/options.cgi/lctg-toku.us/tedpkphd@gmail.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.toku.us/options.cgi/lctg-toku.us/tedpkphd@gmail.com</a><br>
</blockquote></div>